A iseli yokulayishangenene sisixhobo esiguqula isignali yobunzima ibe yimveliso yombane enokulinganiswa. Xa usebenzisaiseli yokulayisha, imeko-bume yokusebenza yokwenyani yeiseli yokulayisha kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kuqala, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekukhetheni ngokuchanekileyoiseli yokulayishaInxulumene nokuba ingabaiseli yokulayisha ingasebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, ukhuseleko lwayo kunye nobomi bayo benkonzo, kwanokuthembeka nokhuseleko lwesixhobo sonke sokulinganisa.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwiiseli yokulayisha ikakhulu ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:
(1) Indawo enobushushu obuphezulu ibangela iingxaki ezinje ngokunyibilika kwezinto zokugquma, ukuwelda okuvulekileyo kwamalungu e-solder, kunye notshintsho kwisakhiwo soxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwe-elastomer.iseli yokulayishaukusebenza kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu obuphezuluiseli yokulayishas zihlala zisetyenziswa; ukongeza, kufuneka kongezwe izixhobo ezinje ngokugquma ubushushu, ukupholisa amanzi okanye ukupholisa umoya.
(2) Impembelelo yothuli kunye nokufuma kwi-short circuit yeiseli yokulayishaKule meko yokusingqongileyo,iseli yokulayisha kunye nokuphakamaumoya-ukuxinana kufuneka kukhethwe. Yahlukileiseli yokulayishabaneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutywina, kwayeumoya-ukuxinana yahluke kakhulu.
Izitywino eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuzaliswa kwe-sealant okanye i-coating; ii-raber pads zibotshelelwa kwaye zitywinwe ngoomatshini; ukuwelda (ukuwelda kwe-argon arc, ukuwelda kwe-plasma beam) kunye nezitywino zokuzalisa i-vacuum nitrogen.
Ngokwembono yesiphumo sokutywina, ukutywina nge-welding yeyona ilungileyo, kwaye isitywina sokuzalisa kunye nokugquma sesona sibi kakhulu.iseli yokulayishaezisebenza kwindawo ecocekileyo neyomileyo yangaphakathi, ungakhetha iglu etywiniweyoiseli yokulayisha, kwaye kwabanyeiseli yokulayishaEzisebenza kwindawo efumileyo nenothuli, kuya kufuneka ukhethe isitywini sobushushu se-diaphragm okanye isitywini sokuwelda se-diaphragm, esimpompayo. Izalisiwe yi-vacuum nitrogen.iseli yokulayisha.
(3) Kwindawo enokutsha kakhulu, efana nokufuma kunye ne-asidi, eya konakalisa i-elastomer okanye ibangele umjikelo omfutshane, umphezulu wangaphandle kufuneka utshizwe ngaphezulu okanye kufuneka utshizwe.igqunywe ngeintsimbi engagqwaliyo, enokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kwaye ilungileukuvaleka komoya.
(4) Impembelelo yentsimi ye-electromagnetic kwiloaiseli ye-d isignali yokuphazamiseka kwemveliso. Kwimeko enjalo, ukhuselo lweloaiseli ye-d kufuneka ihlolwe ngokungqongqo ukuze kubonwe ukuba inokumelana okuhle kwe-electromagnetic.
(5) Izinto ezivuthayo neziqhumayo azibangeli nje kuphela umonakalo opheleleyoiseli yokulayisha, kodwa ikwayingozi enkulu kwezinye izixhobo kunye nokhuseleko lomntu. Ke ngoko,iseli yokulayishaUkusebenza kwiindawo ezinokutsha neziqhumayo kubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza okuchasene nokuqhuma: okuchasene nokuqhumaiseli yokulayishakufuneka zikhethwe kwiindawo ezinokutsha neziqhumayo. Isigqubuthelo sokutywina saleiseli yokulayisha akufuneki kuqwalasele nje kuphelaukuvaleka komoya, kodwa kwakhona Amandla okumelana nokuqhuma, kunye neempawu zokuthintela amanzi, ukumelana nokufuma kunye nokumelana nokuqhuma kweentambo zentambo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
Okwesibini, ukukhethwa kwenani kunye noluhluiseli yokulayishas.
Ukukhethwa kwenani leiseli yokulayishaI-s imiselwa ngokwenjongo yesixhobo sokulinganisa se-elektroniki kunye nenani lamanqaku ekufuneka umzimba wesikali uwaxhase (inani lamanqaku axhasayo kufuneka limiselwe ngokwemigaqo yokwenza iziko lobunzima bejometri lomzimba wesikali lihambelane neziko lokwenyani lobunzima). Ngokubanzi, uninziiseli yokulayishaii-s zisetyenziselwa umzimba wesikali oneendawo ezininzi zokuxhasa. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye imizimba yesikali ekhethekileyo efana nezikali zehoki ze-elektroniki, sinye kuphelaiseli yokulayisha ingasetyenziswa. Kwabanyengombane izikali ezidityanisiweyo, ukukhethwa kweiseli yokulayisha kufuneka kumiselwe ngokwemeko yokwenyani. inani.
Ukukhethwa kweiseli yokulayisha uluhlu lunokugqitywa ngokujonga uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezinto ezifana nexabiso eliphezulu lobunzima besikali, inani lezinto ezikhethiweyoiseli yokulayishas, ubunzima bomzimba wesikali, umthwalo omkhulu ongaqhelekanga kunye nomthwalo oguqukayo. Ngokubanzi, okukhona uluhlu olusondeleyoiseli yokulayisha kumthwalo onikwe ngamnyeiseli yokulayisha, kokukhona ubunzima bayo buya kuchaneka ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, xa isetyenziswa ngokwenene, ekubeni umthwalo usetyenziswaiseli yokulayisha kuquka ubunzima bomzimba, ubunzima obuqhelekileyo, umthwalo ongaqhelekanga kunye nefuthe lokungcangcazela kwesikali ukongeza kwinto eza kulinganiswa, izinto ezininzi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhethaiseli yokulayisha uluhlu lokuqinisekisa ukubaiseli yokulayisha ukhuseleko kunye nobomi obude.
Ifomula yokubala yeiseli yokulayisha uluhlu lumiselwa ngenani elikhulu leemvavanyo emva kokuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo izinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela umzimba wesikali.
Ifomula yile ilandelayo:
C=K-0K-1K-2K-3(Wmax+W)/N
C—uluhlu olulinganisiweyo lwento enyeiseli yokulayishaW—ubunzima bomzimba wesikali; i-Wmax—ixabiso eliphezulu lobunzima obupheleleyo bento elinganiswayo; N—inani lamanqaku okuxhasa asetyenziswa ngumzimba wesikali; K-0—into yomshuwalense, ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-1.2 kunye ne-1.3; K-1—i-coefficient yempembelelo; K-2—i-coefficient ye-offset center yomzimba wesikali; K-3—i-coefficient yoxinzelelo lomoya.
Umzekelo: isikali selori ye-elektroniki esingama-30t, ubunzima obukhulu yi-30t, ubunzima bomzimba wesikali yi-1.9t, kusetyenziswa ezineiseli yokulayishas, ngokwemeko yokwenyani ngelo xesha, khetha i-inshorensi factor K-0=1.25, i-impact factor K-1=1.18, I-center of gravity offset coefficient K-2—=1.03, i-coefficient yoxinzelelo lomoya K-3=1.02, zama ukufumanisa ubungakanani betoniiseli yokulayisha.
Isisombululo: Bala ifomula ngokweiseli yokulayisha uluhlu:
C=K-0K-1K-2K-3(Wmax+W)/N
Kuyaziwa ukuba:
C=1.25×1.18×1.03×1.02×(30+1.9)/4
=12.36t
Ngoko ke,iseli yokulayisha enoluhlu lwe-15t ingakhethwa (ubungakanani betoniiseli yokulayisha ngokubanzi yi-10T, 15T, 20t, 25t, 30t, 40t, 50t, njl.njl., ngaphandle kokuba iodolwe ngokukodwa).
Ngokwamava,iseli yokulayisha ngokubanzi kufuneka isebenze ngaphakathi kwe-30% ukuya kwi-70% yoluhlu lwayo, kodwa kwezinye izixhobo zokulinganisa ezinamandla amakhulu okuchaphazela ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, njengezikali zesitimela eziguquguqukayo, izikali zelori eziguquguqukayo, izikali zentsimbi, njl.njl., xa kukhethwaiseli yokulayishaNgokubanzi, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa uluhlu lwayo, ukuzeiseli yokulayisha isebenza ngaphakathi kwe-20% ukuya kwi-30% yoluhlu lwayo, ukuze ubungakanani bomthwaloiseli yokulayisha iyandiswa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nobomi beiseli yokulayisha.
Kwakhona, cinga ngokusebenza kohlobo ngalunye lweiseli yokulayisha.
Ukukhethwa kweiseli yokulayisha uhlobo luxhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo lokulinganisa kunye nendawo yokufakela ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okufanelekileyo kunye nobunzima obukhuselekileyo nobuthembekileyo; kwelinye icala, iingcebiso zomenzi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Abavelisi ngokubanzi bachaza ububanzi bokusetyenziswa kweiseli yokulayisha ngokwegunya le-iseli yokulayisha, izalathisi zokusebenza, uhlobo lofakelo, uhlobo lolwakhiwo, kunye nezinto ze-elastomer. Umzekelo, umqadi we-aluminium cantileveriseli yokulayishaii-s zifanelekile kwiisikali zamaxabiso, iisikali zeqonga, iisikali zetyala, njl.njl.; umqadi wentsimbi weCantileveriseli yokulayishaii-s zifanelekile kwiisikali ze-hopper, iisikali zebhanti ze-elektroniki, iisikali zokwahlulahlula, njl.njl.; ibhulorho yentsimbiiseli yokulayishaii-s zifanelekile kwizikali zikaloliwe, izikali zelori, izikali zekreyini, njl.njl.; ikholamuiseli yokulayishaIi-s zifanelekile kwiikali zelori, iikali zesitimela ezitshintshatshintshayo, kunye neekali ze-hopper ezinkulu. Linda.
Okokugqibela, kukho ukhethoiseli yokulayisha iklasi yokuchaneka.
Inqanaba lokuchaneka kweiseli yokulayisha ibandakanya izalathisi zobugcisa ezifanaiseli yokulayishaukungangqamani, ukuqhekeka, ukubuyiselwa kokuqhekeka, i-hysteresis, ukuphindaphindeka, kunye novakalelo. Xa ukhethaiseli yokulayishas, musa ukuphishekela nje inqanaba eliphezuluiseli yokulayishas, kodwa cinga ngokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuchaneka kwezikali ze-elektroniki kunye neendleko zazo.
Ukukhethwa kweiseli yokulayisha iklasi kufuneka ihlangabezane nale miqathango mibini ilandelayo:
1. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokufakwa kwesixhobo. Isixhobo sokubonisa ukulinganisa sibonisa isiphumo sokulinganisa emva kokucubungula isignali yokuphuma kwesixhoboiseli yokulayisha ngokwandisa kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-A/D. Ke ngoko, isignali yokuphuma kweiseli yokulayisha kufuneka ibe nkulu okanye ilingane nobungakanani besiginali yokufaka efunekayo yimitha, oko kukuthi, uvakalelo lokukhupha lweiseli yokulayisha ithatyathelw’ indawo yifomula ehambelanayo yeiseli yokulayisha kunye nemitha, kwaye isiphumo sokubala kufuneka sibe sikhulu okanye silingane novakalelo lokufaka olufunekayo yimitha.
Ifomula yokufanisaiseli yokulayisha kunye nemitha:
Liseli ye-oad uvakalelo lwemveliso * i-voltage yombane yovuselelo * ubunzima obukhulu besikali
Inani lezahlulo zesikali * inani leiseli yokulayishauluhlu lweiseli yokulayisha
Umzekelo: isikali sokupakisha esinobunzima obuyi-25kg, inani eliphezulu lokwahlulahlula yi-1000.Tumzimba wesikali wamkela uhlobo lwe-3 L-BE-25iseli yokulayishas, uluhlu yi-25kg, uvakalelo yi-2.0±0.008mV/V, uxinzelelo lwevolthi yebhulorho ye-arch yi-12V. TIsikali sisebenzisa imitha ye-AD4325. Buza ukuba ingabaiseli yokulayisha esetyenzisiweyo ingalingana nemitha.
Isisombululo: Emva kokubonisana, uvakalelo lokufaka lwemitha ye-AD4325 yi-0.6μV/d, ngoko ke ngokwefomula ehambelanayo yeiseli yokulayisha kunye nemitha, isignali yokungena yokwenyani yemitha ingafunyanwa ngolu hlobo:
2×12×25/1000×3×25=8μV/d>0.6μv/d
Ngoko ke,iseli yokulayisha esetyenzisiweyo ihlangabezana neemfuno zobuntununtunu bokufaka isixhobo kwaye ingalingana nesixhobo esikhethiweyo.
2. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuchaneka kwesikali se-elektroniki siphela. Isikali se-elektroniki sakhiwe ngamacandelo amathathu: umzimba wesikali,iseli yokulayisha kunye nesixhobo. Xa ukhetha ukuchaneka kweiseli yokulayisha, ukuchaneka kweiseli yokulayisha kufuneka ibe phezulu kancinci kunexabiso lokubala lethiyori, kuba ithiyori idla ngokuthintelwa ziimeko ezichanekileyo, ezifana nezikali. Amandla omzimba mabi kancinci, ukusebenza kwesixhobo akulunganga kakhulu, imeko yokusebenza yesikali imbi kakhulu kunye nezinye izinto ngokuthe ngqo.ichaphazela iimfuno zokuchanekayesikali.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-11-2022