Ngokukhula okukhawulezayo korhwebo lwehlabathi, ukongamela amasiko kujongene nemicelimngeni entsokothileyo neyohlukeneyo. Iindlela zemveli zokuhlola ngesandla azinakukwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo. Ukuqwalasela oku, iinkampani yethu iye yasungula iInkqubo yoLawulo lweSiko eliSmart,leyoindibaniselwanoesItekhnoloji ephucukileyo ekrelekrele ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokwandisa yonke inkqubo-ukusuka kunyango lokutshisa kunye nokufunyanwa kwemitha ukuya kulawulo lokucoceka-ukuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nokungafihli kwimisebenzi yezithethe.
I. I-Intelligent Fumigation Treatment System: Ukuchaneka kunye nokuSebenza ngoKhuseleko lwe-Cargo
Intelligent Fumigation Treatment System
Njengoko urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lusanda, iimpahla ezinjengamaplanga nemveliso yezolimo—ezidla ngokuthwala izinambuzane nezifo—zibeka esichengeni. Iindlela zemveli zokufunxa zijongene nemida malunga nokusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo. Ukujongana nale miba, i-Intelligent Fumigation Treatment System isebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuzenzekelayo ukulawula yonke inkqubo yokutshisa ngokuchaneka okukhulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Iimodyuli zeNkqubo engundoqo:
1. Uguqulo lweSikhongozeli kunye neNkqubo yokuMisa:Xa isikhongozeli sempahla singena kwindawo yokutshisa, isixokelelwano siyisusa ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo sisebenzisa iindlela zombane zokuguqulela kunye neereyili. Esi sixhobo siyakwazi ukuphatha izitya ezinobungakanani obahlukeneyo, ukunciphisa ubunzima bokuphatha ngesandla kunye namazinga eempazamo, ukuqinisekisa inkqubo eqhubekayo nesebenzayo yokufunxa.
Uguqulo lwesikhongozeli kunye neNkqubo yokuMisa
2. Iingcango zeGumbi lokufunxa kunye neNkqubo yokutywina:Igumbi lokufunxa liyilwe ngokungena komoya okuphezulu ukumelana nokutshintsha koxinzelelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-≥300Pa ngaphandle kokonakala, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiarhente zokufunxa ziqulathwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi kwegumbi. Inkqubo ibandakanya umsebenzi wokuvavanya umoya ozenzekelayo, uqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngexesha lokusebenza nangaphandle kwabasebenzi bendawo.
Iingcango zeGumbi lokufunxa kunye neNkqubo yokutywina
3. Ubushushu beNdawo kunye neNkqubo yoLawulo lokufuma:Ukusebenzisa izifudumezi zombane, iqondo lokushisa kunye ne-humidity sensors, kunye ne-circulation ducts, inkqubo ibeka iliso kwaye ilungelelanise ukushisa kwangaphakathi kunye nomswakama wegumbi lokufunxa ngexesha langempela. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuphuphuma okufanayo kweearhente zokutshisa. Inkqubo inokulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo amanqanaba obushushu kunye nokufuma ukuze kuphuculwe inkqubo yokufunxa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo.
Ubushushu beNdawo kunye neNkqubo yoLawulo lokufuma
4. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Arhente yokuFuduza kunye neNkqubo yokuBoleka:Ii-agent zokutshisa zihanjiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ngokuchanekileyo ngokwemilinganiselo echazwe kwangaphambili kunye nezicwangciso zokusabalalisa amanqaku amaninzi. Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya ephezulu iqinisekisa ukuba ii-agent zihanjiswa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke igumbi lokufunxa. Emva kokuba inkqubo igqityiwe, inkqubo ikhupha ngokukhawuleza i-agent eseleyo kwaye ihlambulule igumbi, igcine ukucoceka kokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko.
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Agent yeFumigation kunye neNkqubo yokujikeleza
5. Inkqubo yokuJonga iqondo lobushushu kunye nokuQwalasela:Iinzwa ezininzi zibeka iliso kwiqondo lokushisa kunye noxinzelelo lwe-arhente kwigumbi lokutshisa ngexesha langempela, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke inkqubo yokutshisa ihambelana nemigangatho ebekiwe. Idatha ikhutshelwa kwisistim yolawulo oluphakathi ukwenzela ukubeka iliso kude kunye nokuveliswa kwengxelo.
INkqubo yokuJonga iqondo lobushushu kunye nokuQwalasela
6. UkuPhuma ukuBuyiselwa kwakhona kweGesi kunye neNkqubo yokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo:Inkqubo idibanisa inkqubo yokubuyisela i-methyl bromide yokukhupha igesi, isebenzisa i-high-surface-surface-area carbon fiber adsorption media ukubuyisela ngokufanelekileyo igesi ye-methyl bromide eyenziwe ngexesha lokutshisa. Ukusebenza kokubuyisela kunokufikelela kwi-70% ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engama-60, kunye nezinga lokucoca ≥95%. Le nkqubo inciphisa kakhulu ungcoliseko lwendalo esingqongileyo kwaye ithobelana nemigaqo yendalo esingqongileyo yehlabathi, ikhuthaza ukusetyenzwa ngokutsha kwezixhobo.
Ukukhupha iGesi yoBuyiselo kunye neNkqubo yokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo
Ngesi sisombululo se-fumigation esihlakaniphile, yonke inkqubo yokutshisa i-automation kwaye ichanekile, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa impazamo yabantu, kunye nokuphucula kakhulu ukukhuselwa kwendalo.
II.IsiXokelelwano esiZinzileyo sokubonwa kweRadi yeSithuthi: Ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo ukuThintela ukuthutyeleziswa kweMathiriyeli yeNyukliya
INkqubo yokuFumana iMoto eZinzileyo
Ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwemathiriyeli yenyukliya kunye ne-isotopi ye-radioactive kumashishini afana namayeza, uphando, kunye nokuvelisa, umngcipheko wokuthuthwa ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokuthutyeleziswa kwemathiriyeli yenyukliya yandile. I-Fixed Vehicle Vehicle Radiation System isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokubona ukusasazeka kwemitha ukuze ibeke iliso kwizithuthi ezingenayo neziphumayo kwimimandla yerhafu, ikhangele kwaye ithintele ukuhamba kwemathiriyeli yenyukliya engekho mthethweni, ngokwenjenjalo iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwelizwe.
Iimodyuli zeNkqubo engundoqo:
1. Izijongi zokuSasa ngemitha ezichanekileyo:Inkqubo ixhotyiswe nge-high-precision γ-ray kunye ne-neutron detectors. I-γ-ray detectors isebenzisa i-crystals ye-iodide ye-sodium edibeneyo kunye ne-PVT kunye neetyhubhu ze-photomultiplier, ezigubungela uluhlu lwamandla ukusuka kwi-25 keV ukuya kwi-3 MeV, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwempendulo ngaphezu kwe-98% kunye nexesha lokuphendula elingaphantsi kwe-0.3 imizuzwana. Izixhobo ze-neutron zisebenzisa iityhubhu ze-helium kunye neemodareyitha ze-polyethylene, zithatha i-neutron radiation ukusuka kwi-0.025 eV ukuya kwi-14 MeV kunye ne-98% yokufumanisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
2. Indawo yokuFumana kunye nokuQokelelwa kweDatha:Ii-detectors zibekwe kumacala omabini eendlela zezithuthi, ezigubungela uluhlu olubanzi lokufumanisa (ukusuka kwi-0.1 yeemitha ukuya kwi-5 yeemitha ubude kunye ne-0 ukuya kwi-5 ububanzi). Le nkqubo ikwabonisa ukuthotywa kwemitha yangasemva, iqinisekisa ubhaqo oluchanekileyo lwemigangatho yemitha yesithuthi kunye nempahla.
3. I-Alam kunye nokuThatha umfanekiso:Ukuba amanqanaba e-radiation adlula i-preset threshold, inkqubo ibangela i-alamu kwaye ithathe ngokuzenzekelayo imifanekiso kunye neevidiyo zesithuthi. Lonke ulwazi lwe-alam kunye nedatha efanelekileyo ifakwe kwiqonga eliphakathi lokubeka iliso ukuze kuhlalutywe ngakumbi kunye nokuqokelela ubungqina.
4. Ukuchongwa kwe-Isotope yeNyukliya kunye noHlelo:Inkqubo inokuchonga ngokuzenzekelayo ii-isotopi ze-radioactive, kubandakanywa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zenyukliya (SNM), ii-isotopi ze-radioactive zonyango, imathiriyeli ye-radioactive yendalo (NORM), kunye ne-isotopi zamashishini. Iisotophu ezingaziwayo ziphawulwe ukuze zihlalutywe ngakumbi.
5. Ukurekhodwa kweDatha kunye noHlahlelo:Inkqubo irekhoda idatha yeradiation yexesha lokwenyani kwisithuthi ngasinye, kubandakanywa uhlobo lwemitha, ubunzulu, kunye nobume be-alam. Le datha inokugcinwa, ibuzwe, kwaye ihlalutywe, inikezela ngenkxaso yedatha ethembekileyo yokulawula izithethe kunye nokwenza izigqibo.
6. Izinto eziluncedo kwiNkqubo:Inkqubo inezinga eliphantsi le-alarm yobuxoki (<0.1%) kwaye ixhasa uhlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo lwe-alarm thresholds. Iyakwazi ukusebenza kwiindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi (uluhlu lobushushu: -40 ° C ukuya ku-70 ° C, uluhlu lokufuma: 0% ukuya kwi-93%), ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ikwaxhasa ukubekwa kweliso okude kunye nokwabelana ngedatha, ukuphucula ukuguquguquka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kulawulo.
III. Customs Intelligent Checkpoint System: Ulawulo loFikelelo oluSebenzayo ngokuPheleleyo ukuze kuphuculwe ukuFaneka kokuCoca
Njengoko urhwebo lwehlabathi kunye nolungiselelo lolungiselelo luqhubeka lusanda ngokukhawuleza, indima yolawulo lwempahla ephumayo iya ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwesizwe, ukuququzelela ukuthotyelwa kwezorhwebo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhutshwa kwezithethe. Iindlela zesiNtu zokuhlola okwenziwa ngesandla zinengxaki yokungasebenzi kakuhle, iimpazamo, ulibaziseko, kunye nezisele zedatha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo zamazibuko ale mihla, iipaki zolungiselelo, kunye neendawo zokujonga umda. Inkqubo yokuhlola i-Customs Intelligent Checkpoint idibanisa itekhnoloji eyohlukeneyo ye-cut-end front-end, efana nokuqatshelwa kwenombolo ye-container, ukuqatshelwa kweplate yelayisenisi ye-elektroniki, ulawulo lwekhadi le-IC, isikhokelo se-LED, ukulinganisa i-elektroniki, kunye nokulawulwa komqobo, ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo isithuthi kunye nolawulo lwempahla. Le nkqubo ayigcini nje ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokulawula kunye nokhuseleko kodwa ixhasa ukuqokelela idatha, ukugcinwa, ukuhlalutya, kunye nokwabelana ngexesha langempela, ukubonelela ngenkxaso yezobuchwepheshe ethembekileyo yokucoca amasiko ahlakaniphile kunye nokulawulwa komngcipheko.
Iimodyuli zeNkqubo engundoqo:
1. Front-End Central Control System
I-Front-End Central Control System idibanisa izixhobo ezininzi ze-front-end kunye ne-subsystems, kubandakanywa ukuqaphela inombolo yesikhongozeli, isikhokelo semoto, ukuqinisekiswa kwesazisi sekhadi le-IC, ukulinganisa, ukulawulwa komqobo we-elektroniki, ukusasazwa kwelizwi, ukuqaphela ipleyiti yelayisensi, kunye nolawulo lwedatha. Le nkqubo ibeka kumbindi wolawulo kwaye izenzele ngokuzenzekelayo ukuhamba kwesithuthi kunye nokuqokelela ulwazi, esebenza njengeyona nto ingundoqo yokusebenza kwe-Customs Intelligent Checkpoint.
a. Isiqulathi seeNdlela zokuNakana kweNani
Inxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yolawulo lwangaphambili, iNkqubo yokuQatshelwa kweNombolo ye-Container ithatha ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ichonge amanani eekhonteyina kunye neentlobo, ukufezekisa ukuqokelela idatha ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo. Inkqubo iqaphela izikhongozeli enye okanye ezininzi ngelixa isithuthi sihamba, ngaphandle kokungenelela ngesandla. Xa isithuthi sesikhongozeli singena kwindlela yokukhangela, izinzwa ze-infrared zibona indawo yesikhongozeli, zibangela ukuba iikhamera zithathe imifanekiso kwii-engile ezininzi. Imifanekiso icutshungulwa kusetyenziswa i-algorithms yokuqaphela umfanekiso ophezulu ukuchonga inombolo yesikhongozeli kunye nohlobo, kwaye iziphumo zilayishwa ngokukhawuleza kwinkqubo yolawulo oluphakathi lolawulo lwezithuthi kunye nokulawulwa kwezithethe. Kwiimeko zeempazamo, abaqhubi banokungenelela ngesandla, kunye nazo zonke izilungiso ezirekhodwe ukuze zilandeleke. Inkqubo iyakwazi ukuqaphela ubukhulu besitya esahlukileyo, ukusebenza kwe-24/7, kunye nokuhambisa iziphumo kwimizuzwana eyi-10, kunye nokuchaneka kokuqaphela okungaphezulu kwe-97%.
Isiqulathi seeNdlela zokuNakana kweNani
b. Inkqubo yesiKhokelo ye-LED
INkqubo yokuKhokela i-LED yimodyuli encedisayo ebalulekileyo, esetyenziselwa ukukhokela izithuthi kwiindawo ezichanekileyo ngaphakathi kwendlela yokukhangela, ukuphucula ukuqatshelwa kwenombolo yesikhongozeli kunye nokuchaneka kobunzima. Inkqubo isebenzisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo zexesha langempela ezifana nezibane zendlela, iintolo, okanye izikhombisi zamanani ukukhokela izithuthi, kunye nokulungelelanisa ukukhanya ngokuzenzekelayo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokukhanyisa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-24/7. Le nkqubo iphakamisa kakhulu i-automation kunye nolawulo oluhlakaniphile kwiindawo zokutshekisha.
c. Inkqubo yekhadi le-IC
I-IC Card System ilawula iimvume zokufikelela kwizithuthi kunye nabasebenzi, ukuqinisekisa kuphela abantu abagunyazisiweyo abanokungena kwiindlela ezithile. Inkqubo ifunda ulwazi lwekhadi le-IC ukwenzela ukuqinisekiswa kwesazisi kwaye irekhoda isiganeko ngasinye sesicatshulwa, idibanisa idatha kwisithuthi kunye nolwazi lwesikhongozeli sokuqokelela ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokugcinwa. Le nkqubo yokuchaneka okuphezulu isebenza ngokuthembekileyo kuzo zonke iimeko, inika isisombululo esomeleleyo sokucaciswa okukrelekrele kunye nokubeka iliso.
d. INkqubo yokuNakana kwepleyiti yelayisensi
I-License Plate Recognition System idibanisa i-RFID kunye neetekhnoloji zokuqaphela ipleyiti yelayisenisi yokuqinisekisa isazisi esingaqhagamshelwanga. Ifunda iithegi ze-RFID kwizithuthi okanye kwiikhonteyina, ifumana ukuchaneka kokuqaphela okungaphezulu kwe-99.9%. Ukongeza, le nkqubo isebenzisa iikhamera zokuqaphela ipleyiti yelayisenisi, ithatha ulwazi lwepleyiti naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima zokukhanya. Inkqubo isebenza ngokuqhubekayo, ngokukhawuleza ithatha kwaye idibanise idatha yepleyiti yelayisensi kunye nesikhongozelo kunye nolwazi lokulinganisa ukuqinisekisa ulawulo olululo kunye noluchanekileyo.
2. Inkqubo yoLawulo lweSango
INkqubo yoLawulo lweSango yimodyuli engundoqo yokwenziwa kweNkqubo ye-Customs Intelligent Checkpoint, ejongene nokulawulwa kwenkqubo epheleleyo yokungena kunye nokuphuma kwesithuthi, ukuqokelela idatha, ukugcinwa kunye nokusabalalisa. Inkqubo isebenzisana nenkqubo yolawulo lwangaphambili kunye nezixhobo zokufezekisa ukuchongwa okuzenzekelayo, ukulinganisa, ukukhululwa, isaziso se-alamu, kunye nokurekhoda kwelogi yokusebenza. Iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokukhuseleka kwenkqubo yokupasa ngelixa ibonelela ngedatha yexesha langempela kwinkqubo yokulawula ephakathi.
a. Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nokuLayisha
Inkqubo iqokelela ulwazi oluphambili ngexesha langempela, elifana nesazisi sesithuthi, ubunzima, inombolo yesikhongozeli, ixesha lokungena/lokuphuma, kunye nesimo sesixhobo. Idatha isemgangathweni kwaye iqhutywe kwindawo, emva koko ifakwe kwisistim yolawulo oluphakathi nge-TCP / IP okanye i-serial communication. Inkqubo ixhasa ukubuyiswa kwedatha, iqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kolwazi nakwiindawo zenethiwekhi ezinzima.
b. Ukugcinwa kwedatha kunye noLawulo
Zonke iirekhodi zesicatshulwa, iziphumo zokuqaphela, idatha yokulinganisa, kunye neelog zokusebenza zigcinwa kwaye zilawulwe ngendlela eyakhiweyo. Idatha yexesha elifutshane igcinwe kwi-database yendawo, ngelixa idatha yexesha elide ihambelana rhoqo kwindawo yokulawula okanye i-database yeziko lokulawula, kunye ne-backup ngokuzenzekelayo kunye ne-encryption ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.
c. Ulawulo lokukhutshwa kunye noSabelo lweDatha
Inkqubo ilawula ngokuzenzekelayo izithintelo, iziboniso ze-LED, kunye neengcebiso zezwi ezisekelwe kwimithetho yokukhululwa kwangaphambili kunye nedatha yendawo, eyenza ulawulo olupheleleyo lwenkqubo. Kwimeko engaqhelekanga, iindlela zongenelelo ngoncedo zibonelelwa. Iziphumo zokukhutshwa zisasazwa ngexesha lokwenene kwiitheminali zoshicilelo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo oluphakathi.
d. Umbuzo kunye noHlalutyo loBalo
Inkqubo ixhasa imibuzo yeemeko ezininzi kunye nohlalutyo lwamanani, ukuvelisa iingxelo malunga nomthamo wokuhamba, iintlobo zezithuthi, ukungahambi kakuhle, kunye namaxesha okuhamba okuphakathi. Ikwaxhasa ukuthunyelwa kwe-Excel okanye iPDF, inceda kulawulo lweshishini, uvavanyo lwentsebenzo, kunye nolawulo lwezithethe.
3. Inkqubo yoTshintshiselwano lweDatha yeNethiwekhi
I-Networked Data Exchange System yenza ukuba i-Customs Intelligent Checkpoint System inxibelelane neenkqubo zokulawula ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezinye iiplatifti zamasiko, kunye neenkqubo zoshishino lwesithathu, ukuququzelela ukwabelana ngedatha ekhuselekileyo kunye nexesha langempela. Ixhasa iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuguqulwa kwefomathi yedatha, iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha echanekileyo kwaye ekhuselekileyo yokuzenzekela, ukubeka iliso kumngcipheko, kunye nohlalutyo lweshishini.
a. Ujongano lweDatha kunye neProtocol Compatibility
Inkqubo isekela iiprothokholi ezininzi zonxibelelwano ezifana ne-HTTP / HTTPS, i-FTP / SFTP, i-WebService, i-API interfaces, kunye nemigca yemiyalezo ye-MQ, iqinisekisa ukuhambelana neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokulawula, ii-electronic ports, i-custom platforms, okanye i-database yezoshishino. Inkqubo ikwabonelela ngokuguqulwa kwefomathi yedatha, imephu yentsimi, kunye ne-encoding edibeneyo ukuphelisa i-silos yedatha ebangelwa yimigangatho ye-interface engahambelaniyo.
b. Ukuqokelelwa kweenkcukacha kunye nokuHlanganisa
Inkqubo iqokelela idatha yokudlula isithuthi, ulwazi lokuqaphela, ukulinganisa idatha, kunye nokukhulula iirekhodi ngexesha langempela ukusuka kwi-front-end kunye ne-gate management systems. Emva kokucoca, ukudityaniswa, kunye nokufunyanwa okungaqhelekanga, idatha isemgangathweni, iqinisekisa umgangatho wedatha kunye nokuphelela ngaphambi kokudluliselwa.
c. Ugqithiso lwedatha kunye noNgqamaniso
Inkqubo isekela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ye-batch yexesha langempela kunye necwangcisiweyo, kunye neendlela ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokubuyisela i-breakpoint, i-error retries, kunye nokulayishwa kwedatha ngokuzenzekelayo emva kokubuyiswa kwenethiwekhi, ukuqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa okukhuselekileyo, okuzinzileyo kweendlela ezimbini phakathi kweenkqubo zendawo kunye neziphezulu.
d. Ukhuseleko lweDatha kunye noLawulo lokuFikelela
Inkqubo isebenzisa i-SSL/TLS, i-AES, kunye ne-RSA iteknoloji yokubethela ukukhusela ukuhanjiswa nokugcinwa kwedatha. Ikwabonelela ngolawulo lofikelelo kunye neendlela zokuqinisekisa ukuqinisekisa kuphela abasebenzisi abagunyazisiweyo okanye iinkqubo ezinokufikelela okanye zilungise idatha. Inkqubo irekhoda iilogi zokusebenza kunye nophicotho lokufikelela kuthotyelo nolawulo lokhuseleko.
Ukuqukumbela: Ixesha elitsha lokuLawulwa koBukrelekrele beCustoms
Ukusetyenziswa kweSmart Customs Management System kuphawula inyathelo elibalulekileyo elibhekiselele kulawulo olukrelekrele lwezithethe. Ngokwazisa ubuchwephesha obukwizinga eliphezulu lobuchwephesha obuzisebenzelayo kunye nobuchwepheshe obukrelekrele, abasemagunyeni kwimpahla ephumayo baye baphucula izakhono zabo kuluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi, ukusuka kunyango lokutshiza ukuya ekujongweni kwemitha kunye nolawulo lokucocwa. Ezi nkqubo aziphuculi nje ukusebenza kakuhle kodwa ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko olukhulu kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoko ulongamelo lwempahla ephumayo lusiya lusiba nengqondo ngakumbi kwaye luzenzekela, singena kwixesha elitsha lokuququzelela urhwebo lwehlabathi, ngokhuseleko olomeleziweyo, iindleko zokusebenza ezicuthiweyo, kunye neenkqubo ezilungelelanisiweyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-03-2025