Kwinkalo ye-metrology kunye nokulinganisa, ukukhetha iintsimbi ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni imilinganiselo echanekileyo. Nokuba isetyenziselwa ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokulinganisa ibhalansi ye-elektroniki okanye usetyenziso lomlinganiselo woshishino, ukukhetha ubunzima obufanelekileyo akuchaphazeli nje kuphela ukuthembeka kweziphumo zomlinganiselo kodwa kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa kwemigangatho yokulinganisa. Ke ngoko, ukuqonda amabakala ahlukileyo achanekileyo, uluhlu lwezicelo zabo, kunye nendlela yokukhetha ngokuchanekileyo iintsimbi ezifanelekileyo sisihloko esibalulekileyo kuyo yonke injineli ye-metrology kunye nomsebenzisi wezixhobo.
I. Ukuhlelwa kobunzima kunye neemfuno ezichanekileyo
Ubunzima buhlelwa ngokusekwe kwi-International Organisation of Legal Metrology (OIML) umgangatho "OIML R111". Ngokwalo mgangatho, iintsimbi zihlelwa ngokwamabakala amaninzi ukusuka kwelona liphezulu ukuya kwelona lisezantsi ukuchaneka. Ibakala ngalinye lineemeko zesicelo kunye neyona mpazamo inkulu evumelekileyo (MPE). Ukuchaneka kwamabakala ahlukeneyo, iintlobo zezinto eziphathekayo, ukufaneleka kokusingqongileyo, kunye neendleko zahluka kakhulu.
1. AmaBanga obunzima obuphambili bucacisiwe
(1)I-E1 kunye ne-E2 amaBanga: I-Ultra-High Precision Weights
Ubunzima bebakala le-E1 nele-E2 bodidi oluchanekileyo oluphezulu kakhulu kwaye lusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiilebhu zeMetroloji zesizwe nezamazwe ngamazwe. Eyona mpazamo iphezulu evumelekileyo yobunzima bebakala le-E1 idla ngokuba yi-±0.5 milligrams, ngelixa ubunzima bebakala le-E2 baneMPE eyi-±1.6 milligrams. Ezi zisindo zisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa komgangatho ongqongqo kwaye zixhaphake kwiilabhoratri zereferensi, amaziko ophando, kunye neenkqubo zokulinganisa umgangatho wesizwe. Ngenxa yokuchaneka okugqithisileyo, obu bunzima buqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa izixhobo ezichanekileyo ezifana neebhalansi zohlalutyo kunye neebhalansi zereferensi.
(2)F1 kunye neF2 amaBanga: Ubunzima obuchanekileyo obuphezulu
Ubunzima bebakala le-F1 kunye ne-F2 zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiilebhu ezichanekileyo kunye namaziko ovavanyo lwe-metrology esemthethweni. Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iibhalansi ze-elektroniki ezichaneke kakhulu, iibhalansi zohlalutyo, kunye nezinye izixhobo zomlinganiselo ochanekileyo. Ubunzima bebakala le-F1 banempazamo enkulu ye-± 5 milligrams, ngelixa ubunzima bebakala le-F2 buvunyelwe impazamo ye-± 16 milligrams. Ezi zisindo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kuphando lwezenzululwazi, uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, kunye nemimandla yokulawula umgangatho, apho ukuchaneka komlinganiselo ophezulu kuyadingeka kodwa kungekhona njengento engqongqo njenge-E1 kunye ne-E2 amabakala.
(3)M1, M2, kunye neM3 amaBanga: Ubunzima boShishino kunye noRhwebo
I-M1, i-M2, kunye ne-M3 ye-grade weights isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimveliso yezoshishino kunye neentengiselwano zorhwebo. Bakulungele ukulinganisa izikali ezinkulu zemizi-mveliso, iibhulorho zelori, izikali zeqonga, kunye nezikali ze-elektroniki zorhwebo. Ubunzima bebakala le-M1 banephutha elivumelekileyo le-± 50 milligrams, ubunzima bebakala le-M2 banempazamo ye-± 160 milligrams, kunye ne-M3 ye-grade weights ivumela impazamo ye-± 500 milligrams. Ezi zisindo zothotho lwe-M ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwindawo eqhelekileyo yemizi-mveliso kunye neyolungiselelo, apho iimfuno ezichanekileyo zisezantsi, ngokwesiqhelo ukulinganisa ubungakanani bempahla kunye nempahla.
2. UKhetho lweMathiriyeli: Intsimbi engatyiwayo vs
Izinto zobunzima zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhlala kwazo, ukuzinza, kunye nokufaneleka kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zobunzima zinsimbi ezingenasici kunye nentsimbi, nganye ifanelekile kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa kunye neendawo.
(1)Ubunzima beNtsimbi:
Ubunzima bentsimbi yentsimbi bunika ukuchasana okuphezulu kwi-corrosion kunye neempawu eziphezulu zemishini, ezinomgangatho ogudileyo ekulula ukuwucoca. Ngenxa yokufana kunye nokuzinza, izisindo zensimbi ezingenasici zifanelekile kwi-E1, E2, F1, kunye ne-F2 amabakala kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimilinganiselo echanekileyo kunye neendawo zophando. Ezi zisindo zizinzileyo kwaye zinokugcina ukuchaneka kwazo ixesha elide kwiindawo ezilawulwayo.
(2)Ubunzima bentsimbi:
Ubunzima bentsimbi yentsimbi buqhele ukusetyenziswa kumabanga e-M1, M2, kunye ne-M3 kwaye buqhelekile kumlinganiselo weshishini kunye neentengiselwano zorhwebo. Ukusebenza kweendleko kunye nokuxinana okuphezulu kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo kuyenza ibe yinto efanelekileyo yobunzima obukhulu obusetyenziswa kwiibhulorho zelori kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa i-industrial. Nangona kunjalo, izisindo zentsimbi zithande ukuba nomphezulu orhabaxa, othambekele kwi-oxidation kunye nokungcoliseka, kwaye ngaloo ndlela zifuna ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokucoca.
II.Indlela yokukhetha iBanga lobunzima obuLungileyo
Xa ukhetha ubunzima obufanelekileyo, kufuneka uqwalasele imeko yesicelo, iimfuno ezichanekileyo zezixhobo, kunye neemeko ezithile zendawo yokulinganisa. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso kwizicelo eziqhelekileyo:
1. IiLebhu eziChaneke kakhulu:
Ukuba isicelo sakho sibandakanya ukuhanjiswa kobunzima obuchanekileyo, cinga ukusebenzisa ii-E1 okanye ii-E2 zobunzima bebakala. Ezi ziyimfuneko kumlinganiselo wesizwe wokulinganisa umgangatho kunye nezixhobo zenzululwazi ezichaneke kakhulu.
2. Ibhalansi ye-Elektronikhi eChaneke ngokuPhezulu kunye neMisele yoHlahlo:
Ubunzima bebakala le-F1 okanye le-F2 buya kwanela ukulinganisa izixhobo ezinjalo, ngakumbi kwiinkalo ezifana nekhemistri kunye namayeza apho kufuneka khona ukuchaneka okuphezulu.
3. Imilinganiselo yoShishino kunye nezikali zoRhwebo:
Kwizikali zoshishino, iibhulorho zokulinganisa iilori, kunye nezikali ezinkulu ze-elektroniki, i-M1, i-M2, okanye i-M3 yokulinganisa ibakala ifanelekile ngakumbi. Ezi zisindo ziyilelwe imilinganiselo yesiqhelo yemizi-mveliso, kunye neempazamo ezinkulu ezivumelekileyo.
III.Ukugcinwa kobunzima kunye nokuLinganisa
Ngaphandle kobunzima obuchanekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, utshintsho lwendalo, kunye nokuphathwa okungafanelekanga kunokukhokelela ekungahambelani ngokuchanekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukulinganisa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kubalulekile:
1. ULondolozo lweMihla:
Gwema ukudibana ngokuthe ngqo kunye neentsimbi zokuthintela i-oyile kunye nezinto ezingcolileyo ekuchaphazeleni ubuso bazo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ilaphu elikhethekileyo ukusula ngobunono iintsimbi kwaye uzigcine kwindawo eyomileyo, engenathuli ukuthintela ukufuma kunye nothuli ekuguquleni ukuchaneka kwabo.
2. Ulungelelwaniso lwarhoqo:
Ukulinganisa rhoqo kubalulekile ukugcina ukuchaneka kweentsimbi. Ubunzima obuphezulu obuchanekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka bulinganiswe ngonyaka, ngelixa ii-M series weights ezisetyenziselwa imilinganiselo yefektri nazo kufuneka zilinganiswe ngonyaka okanye ngesiqingatha ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokuchaneka.
3. Amaziko oLungelo aqinisekisiweyo:
Kubalulekile ukukhetha inkonzo yokulinganisa eqinisekisiweyo kunye ne-ISO / IEC 17025 yokuvunywa, eqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zokulinganisa ziyalandeleka kumazwe ngamazwe. Ukongezelela, ukuseka iirekhodi zokulinganisa kunokunceda ukulandelela utshintsho ekuchanekeni kobunzima kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokulinganisa.
Ukuqukumbela
Ubunzima zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kumlinganiselo kunye nokulinganisa, kunye namabakala abo okuchaneka, izixhobo, kunye noluhlu lwezicelo luchaza ukusebenza kwabo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukhetha ubunzima obufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zakho zesicelo kunye nokulandela ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo kunye neendlela zokulinganisa, unokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yokulinganisa. Ukusuka E1, E2 ukuya M series ubunzima, ibakala ngalinye linemeko ethile isicelo. Xa ukhetha ubunzima, kufuneka uqwalasele ngokubanzi iimfuno zokuchaneka, iintlobo zezixhobo, kunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo ukuze uqinisekise iziphumo zomlinganiselo ozinzileyo kwixesha elide.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-26-2025