Izikali ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlaliswa korhwebo zihlelwa njengezixhobo zokulinganisa eziphantsi koqinisekiso olusisinyanzelo ngurhulumente ngokuhambelana nomthetho. Oku kubandakanya izikali zecrane, izikali zebhentshi ezincinci, izikali zeqonga, kunye neemveliso zesikali selori. Nasiphi na isikali esisetyenziselwa ukuhlaliswa korhwebo kufuneka siqinisekiswe ngokusisinyanzelo; kungenjalo, izohlwayo zinokumiselwa. Ukuqinisekiswa kwenziwa ngokuhambelana neJJG 539-2016Umgaqo wokuqinisekisangenxaDigital Ebonisa Izikali, enokuthi isetyenziswe ekuqinisekiseni izikali zelori. Nangona kunjalo, kukho omnye ummiselo wokuqinisekisa ngokukodwa kwizikali zelori ezinokubhekiswa:JJG 1118-2015Umgaqo wokuqinisekisangenxaElectronicIzikali zelori(Layisha iSeli indlela). Ukhetho phakathi kwezi zibini luxhomekeke kwimeko yangempela, nangona kwiimeko ezininzi ukuqinisekiswa kwenziwa ngokuhambelana neJJG 539-2016.
Kwi-JJG 539-2016, inkcazo yezikali ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Kulo Mmiselo, igama elithi "isikali" libhekisela kudidi lwesixhobo sokukala esingazenzekiyo (NAWI).
Umgaqo: Xa umthwalo ubekwe kwi-receptor yomthwalo, inzwa yokulinganisa (iseli yomthwalo) ivelisa umqondiso wombane. Lo mqondiso uguqulwa kwaye uqhutywe sisixhobo sokucwangcisa idatha, kwaye umphumo wokulinganisa uboniswa ngesixhobo esibonisayo.
Ulwakhiwo: Isikali siqukethe i-receptor yomthwalo, iseli yomthwalo, kunye nesalathisi sokulinganisa. Isenokuba yolwakhiwo oludityanisiweyo okanye ulwakhiwo lweemodyuli.
Isicelo: Ezi zikali zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kumlinganiselo wempahla kunye nomlinganiselo, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kurhwebo lorhwebo, amazibuko, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya, indawo yokugcina impahla kunye nolungiselelo, isinyithi, kunye nakumashishini oshishino.
Iintlobo zezikali ezibonisa idijithali: Ibhentshi ye-elektroniki kunye nezikali zeqonga (ezibizwa ngokuba yibhentshi ye-elektroniki / izikali zeqonga), ezibandakanya: Ixabiso-computing izikali, Izikali zokulinganisa kuphela, Izikali zebhakhowudi, Ukubala izikali, Izikali zokwahlula-hlula okuninzi, Izikali zezithuba ezininzi kunye njl.Izikali zekhreyini ze-elektroniki, ezibandakanya: Izikali Hook, Izikali zokuxhoma hook, Izikali ezihamba phezulu zecrane, Izikali zeMonorail kunye njl.Izikali zombane ezizinzileyo, ezibandakanya: Izikali zomngxuma we-elektroniki, Izikali ezifakwe kumphezulu we-elektroniki, Izikali ze-hopper ze-elektroniki kunye njl.
Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba izixhobo ezikhulu zokuveyisha ezifana nezikali zomngxuma okanye izikali zelori zezodidi lwezikali zombane ezimiselweyo, kwaye ke ngoko zinokungqinwa ngokungqinelana ne.Umgaqo wokuqinisekisangenxaDigital Ebonisa Izikali(JJG 539-2016). Kwizikali zomthamo omncinci, ukulayishwa kunye nokukhulula iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo kulula. Nangona kunjalo, kwizikali ezinkulu ezinokulinganisa i-3 × 18 yeemitha okanye ezinomthamo ngaphezu kweetoni ezili-100, ukusebenza kuba nzima kakhulu. Ukulandela ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa i-JJG 539 kubangela imingeni ebalulekileyo, kwaye ezinye iimfuno zinokuthi zingenzeki. Kwizikali zelori, ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwe-metrological kubandakanya izinto ezintlanu: Ukuchaneka kwe-Zero-setting kunye nokuchaneka kwe-tare., Umthwalo we-eccentric (umthwalo ongekho embindini), Ubunzima, Ubunzima emva kokhula, Ukuphindaphindwa kunye noluhlu localucalulo. Phakathi kwezi, umthwalo we-eccentric, ubunzima, ubunzima emva kwe-tare, kunye nokuphindaphinda kudla ixesha.Ukuba iinkqubo zilandelwa ngokungqongqo, kusenokungenzeki ukugqiba uqinisekiso lwesikali selori enye ngosuku olunye. Nokuba ukuphinda-phinda kulungile, ukuvumela ukuncitshiswa kobunzima bovavanyo kunye nokutshintshwa ngokuyinxenye, inkqubo ihlala ingumceli mngeni.
7.1 Izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zoQinisekiso
7.1.1 Ubunzima obusemgangathweni
7.1.1.1 Ubunzima obuqhelekileyo obusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa buya kuhambelana neemfuno zemetroloji ezichazwe kwi-JG99, kwaye iimpazamo zabo aziyi kudlula i-1/3 yempazamo enkulu evumelekileyo kumthwalo ohambelanayo njengoko kuchaziwe kwiTheyibhile yesi-3.
7.1.1.2 Inani lobunzima obuqhelekileyo liya kwanela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoqinisekiso lwesikali.
7.1.1.3 Imilinganiselo eyongezelelweyo yobunzima iya kubonelelwa ukuze isetyenziswe kunye nendlela yomthwalo wethutyana ukuphelisa iimpazamo zokusondeza.
7.1.2 Ukutshintshwa kobunzima obusemgangathweni
Xa isikali siqinisekisiwe kwindawo yaso yokusetyenziswa, faka imithwalo endaweni (ezinye inqwaba
ezineentsimbi ezizinzileyo neziyaziwayo) zingasetyenziselwa ukutshintsha inxalenye yomgangatho
ubunzima:
Ukuba ukuphindaphinda kwesikali kudlula i-0.3e, ubunzima bobunzima obuqhelekileyo obusetyenzisiweyo buya kuba ubuncinane be-1/2 yomthamo omkhulu wokulinganisa;
Ukuba ukuphindaphinda kwesikali kukhulu kune-0.2e kodwa kungabi ngaphezu kwe-0.3e, ubunzima bobunzima obuqhelekileyo obusetyenzisiweyo bunokuncitshiswa ukuya kwi-1/3 yobukhulu bezinga eliphezulu;
Ukuba ukuphindaphinda kwesikali akudluli kwi-0.2e, ubunzima bobunzima obuqhelekileyo obusetyenzisiweyo bunokuncitshiswa ukuya kwi-1/5 yomthamo omkhulu.
Ukuphindaphinda okukhankanywe ngasentla kuchongwa ngokusetyenziswa komthwalo omalunga ne-1/2 yomthamo omkhulu wokulinganisa (mhlawumbi ubunzima obuqhelekileyo okanye nayiphi na enye ubunzima obunobunzima obuzinzile) kwi-receptor yomthwalo kathathu.
Ukuba ukuphindaphinda kuwela ngaphakathi kwe-0.2e-0.3e / 10-15 kg, iitoni ezingama-33 zobunzima obuqhelekileyo zifunekayo. Ukuba ukuphindaphinda kudlula i-15 kg, ngoko kufuneka iitoni ezingama-50 zobunzima. Kuya kuba nzima kakhulu kwiziko lokuqinisekisa ukuzisa iitoni ezingama-50 zobunzima kwindawo yokuqinisekisa isikali. Ukuba kuphela iitoni ezingama-20 zobunzima eziziswayo, kunokucingelwa ukuba ukuphindaphindwa kwesikali se-100-toni asigqibekanga ukuba singadluli kwi-0.2e / 10 kg. Ukuba ukuphindaphindwa kwe-10 kg kunokufezekiswa kuyathandabuzeka, kwaye wonke umntu unokuba nombono wemingeni esebenzayo. Ngaphezu koko, nangona isixa esipheleleyo sobunzima obuqhelekileyo obusetyenzisiweyo sincitshisiwe, imithwalo ebambeleyo kufuneka isanyuswe ngokuhambelanayo, ngoko ke umthwalo opheleleyo wovavanyo uhlala ungatshintshi.
1. Uvavanyo lwamanqaku okuWayisha
Ukuqinisekisa umlinganiselo, ubuncinane kufuneka kukhethwe iindawo zomthwalo ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo. Ezi kufuneka zibandakanye amandla obungakanani obuncinci, ubukhulu bomthamo, kunye nemilinganiselo yomthwalo ehambelana notshintsho kwiphutha eliphezulu elivumelekileyo, oko kukuthi, amanqaku aphakathi kokuchaneka: 500e kunye ne-2000e. Kwi-100-toni yelori yesikali, apho e = 50 kg, oku kuhambelana: 500e = 25 t, 2000e = 100 t. Inqaku le-2000e limele umthamo omkhulu wokulinganisa, kwaye ukuvavanya kunokuba nzima ekusebenzeni. Ngaphezu koko,ubunzima emva kokhulaifuna ukuphinda uqinisekiso kuzo zontlanu iindawo zomthwalo. Ungawujongeli phantsi umsebenzi obandakanyekayo kwiindawo ezintlanu zokubeka iliso—owona msebenzi wokulayisha nowothula mkhulu kakhulu.
2. Uvavanyo lomthwalo we-Eccentric
7.5.11.2 Umthwalo oNcedo kunye neNdawo
a) Kwizikali ezinamanqaku enkxaso angaphezu kwama-4 (N > 4): Umthwalo osetyenzisiweyo kwindawo nganye yokuxhasa kufuneka ulingane ne-1 / (N-1) yezinga eliphezulu lomthamo. Imilinganiselo kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokulandelelanayo ngaphezu kwendawo nganye yokuxhasa, ngaphakathi kwendawo ephantse ilingane ne-1 / N ye-receptor yomthwalo. Ukuba amanqaku amabini enkxaso asondele kakhulu, ukusebenzisa uvavanyo njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla kunokuba nzima. Kule meko, umthwalo ophindwe kabini ungasetyenziswa kwindawo ephindwe kabini umgama ohambelana nomgca odibanisa amanqaku amabini axhasayo.
b) Kwizikali ezine-4 okanye amanqaku enkxaso ambalwa (N ≤ 4): Umthwalo osetyenzisiweyo kufuneka ulingane ne-1/3 yomthamo omkhulu.
Imilinganiselo kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokulandelelanayo ngaphakathi kwendawo malunga ne-1/4 ye-receptor yomthwalo, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 1 okanye uqwalaselo malunga nokulingana nomfanekiso we-1.
Kumlinganiselo welori yeetoni ezili-100 ezinomlinganiselo we-3 × 18 yeemitha, kukho ubuncinci iiseli zomthwalo ezisibhozo. Ukwahlula umthwalo opheleleyo ngokulinganayo, i-100 ÷ 7 ≈ 14.28 iitoni (malunga neetoni ezili-14) ziya kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwindawo nganye yokuxhasa. Kunzima kakhulu ukubeka iitoni ezili-14 zobunzima kwindawo nganye yokuxhasa. Nokuba iintsimbi zinokupakishwa ngokwasemzimbeni, ukulayisha ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokothula ezo ntsimbi zikhulu kubandakanya umthwalo omkhulu womsebenzi.
3. Indlela yokuLayisha yoQinisekiso vs. UkuLayisha okuSebenzayo
Ngokombono weendlela zokulayisha, ukuqinisekiswa kwezikali zelori kufana naleyo yezikali zomthamo omncinci. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokuqinisekisa izikali zelori kwisiza, iintsimbi zihlala ziphakanyiswa kwaye zibekwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiqonga lesikali, elifana nenkqubo esetyenziswa ngexesha lovavanyo lwasefektri. Le ndlela yokufaka umthwalo yahluke kakhulu kwindlela yokulayisha eyiyo yokusebenza kwesikali selori. Ukubekwa ngokuthe ngqo kobunzima obuphakanyisiweyo kwiqonga lesikali akuvelisi amandla empembelelo ethe tye, akubandakanyi izixhobo zokuyeka zesikali ezisecaleni okanye ezinde, kwaye kwenza kube nzima ukubona iziphumo zeendlela zokungena/zokuphuma ezithe tye kunye nezixhobo zokumisa iilongitudinal kuzo zombini iziphelo zesikali ekusebenzeni komlinganiselo.
Enyanisweni, ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwe-metrological usebenzisa le ndlela akubonakalisi ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezichanekileyo zokusebenza. Ukuqinisekiswa okusekelwe kuphela kule ndlela yokulayisha ingamelanga akunakwenzeka ukuba kubonwe ukusebenza kwemetroloji yokwenyani phantsi kweemeko zokwenyani zokusebenza.
Ngokutsho kweJJG 539-2016Umgaqo wokuqinisekisangenxaDigital Ebonisa Izikali, ukusebenzisa iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo okanye iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo kunye nezibambela endaweni yokuqinisekisa izikali zomthamo omkhulu kubandakanya imingeni ebalulekileyo, kubandakanywa: Umsebenzi omkhulu, Amandla aphezulu abasebenzi, Iindleko zothutho eziphezulu zobunzima, Ixesha elide lokuqinisekisa, Iingozi zokhuselekokunye njl.Ezi zinto zidala ubunzima obuninzi bokuqinisekisa kwisiza. Ngo-2011, iFujian Institute of Metrology yenza iprojekthi yesizwe yophuhliso lwesixhobo esingundoqo senzululwaziUphuhliso kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweZixhobo zokuLinganisa ngoMthwalo oChaneke kakhulu woKulinganisa iZikali. I-Weighing Scale Load Measuring Instrument ephuhlisiwe sisixhobo esizimeleyo sokuqinisekisa esihambelana ne-OIML R76, esenza ukuba kuqinisekiswe ngokuchanekileyo, ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokufanelekileyo kwayo nayiphi na indawo yomthwalo, kubandakanywa umlinganiselo opheleleyo, kunye nezinye izinto zokuqinisekisa izikali zelori ye-elektroniki. Ngokusekelwe kwesi sixhobo, i-JJG 1118-2015Umgaqo wokuqinisekisangenxaIzikali zelori zombane (Indlela yesiXhobo sokuMeta ngomthwalo)yaphunyezwa ngokusesikweni ngomhla wama-24 kweyeNkanga ngowama-2015.
Zombini iindlela zokuqinisekisa zineenzuzo kunye nokungonakali kwazo, kwaye ukhetho ekusebenzeni kufuneka lwenziwe ngokusekelwe kwimeko yokwenyani.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kule migaqo mibini yokuqinisekisa:
JJG 539-2016 Izinto eziluncedo: 1. Isebenzisa imithwalo esemgangathweni okanye endaweni engcono kuneklasi ye-M2,ukuvumela ulwahlulo loqinisekiso lwe Izikali zelori ye-elektroniki ukufikelela kwi-500-10,000.2. Izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zinomjikelo woqinisekiso wonyaka omnye, kwaye ukulandeleka kwezixhobo ezisemgangathweni kunokugqityezelwa ekuhlaleni kumaziko kamasipala okanye akwinqanaba ledolophu.
Izinto ezingeloncedo: Umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu lwabasebenzi; Iindleko eziphezulu zokulayisha, ukukhulula, kunye nokuthutha iintsimbi; Ukusebenza okuphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakubi kokhuseleko; Ixesha elide lokuqinisekisa; ukubambelela ngokungqongqo kunokuba nzima ekusebenzeni.
JJG 1118 Izinto eziluncedo: 1. Isixhobo sokulinganisa i-Weighing Scale Load Measury kunye nezixhobo zayo zinokuthuthwa kwindawo ngesithuthi esinye se-axle ezimbini.2. Ukunyanzeliswa kwabasebenzi abaphantsi, iindleko zokuthutha umthwalo ophantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqinisekisa, ukusebenza kakuhle kokhuseleko, kunye nexesha elifutshane lokuqinisekisa.3. Akukho sidingo sokukhulula / ukulayishwa kwakhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
Izinto ezingeloncedo: 1. Ukusebenzisa i-Electronic Truck Scale (Indlela yesiXhobo sokuMeta ngomthwalo),icandelo lokuqinisekisa lingafikelela kuphela kwi-500–3,000.2. Isikali selori ye-elektroniki kufuneka sifakele isixhobo sokusabela samandlae (i-cantilever beam) edityaniswe kwiipiers (iintsika zekhonkrithi ezisisigxina okanye iipiers zentsimbi eshukumayo).3. Ukugweba okanye ukuvavanya ngokusemthethweni, ukuqinisekiswa kufuneka kulandele i-JJG 539 usebenzisa iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo njengesixhobo sokubhekisela. 4. Izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zinomjikelo woqinisekiso weenyanga ezintandathu, kwaye uninzi lwamaziko eMetroloji ephondo okanye kamasipala akakamiselanga ukulandeleka kwezi zixhobo zisemgangathweni; umkhondo kufuneka kufunyanwe kumaziko afanelekileyo.
I-JJG 1118-2015 ithatha isixhobo sokuqinisekisa esizimeleyo esicetyiswa yi-OIML R76, kwaye isebenza njengesongezelelo kwindlela yokuqinisekisa izikali zelori ze-elektroniki kwi-JJG 539-1997.Isebenza kwizikali zelori ze-elektroniki ezinomthamo omkhulu ≥ 30 t, ulwahlulo lokuqinisekisa ≤ 3,000, kwinqanaba lokuchaneka okuphakathi okanye ukuchaneka okuqhelekileyo. Ayisebenzi kulwahlulo oluninzi, kuluhlu oluninzi, okanye kwizikali zelori zombane ezinezixhobo ezandisiweyo ezibonisayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-26-2025