Izikali ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlawula urhwebo zihlelwa njengezixhobo zokulinganisa ezixhomekeke ekuqinisekisweni okunyanzelekileyo ngurhulumente ngokuhambelana nomthetho. Oku kuquka izikali zekhreyini, izikali ezincinci zebhentshi, izikali zeqonga, kunye neemveliso zesikali selori. Nasiphi na isikali esisetyenziselwa ukuhlawula urhwebo kufuneka siqinisekiswe ngokunyanzelekileyo; kungenjalo, isohlwayo sinokubekwa. Ukuqinisekiswa kwenziwa ngokuhambelanaJJG 539-2016Umgaqo woQinisekisongenxaIzikali ezibonisa idijithali, nto leyo enokusetyenziswa ekuqinisekiseni izikali zelori. Nangona kunjalo, kukho omnye umthetho wokuqinisekisa ngokukodwa kwizikali zelori onokubhekiswa kuwo:JJG 1118-2015Umgaqo woQinisekisongenxaI-elektronikiIzikali zeLori(Indlela yokulayisha iSeli)Ukukhetha phakathi kwezi zimbini kuxhomekeke kwimeko yokwenyani, nangona kwiimeko ezininzi ukuqinisekiswa kwenziwa ngokuhambelana ne-JJG 539-2016.
Kwi-JJG 539-2016, inkcazo yezikali yile ilandelayo:
Kulo Mmiselo, igama elithi “isikali” libhekisa kuhlobo lwesixhobo sokulinganisa esingazenzekeliyo (i-NAWI).
Umgaqo: Xa umthwalo ubekwa kwi-load receptor, i-wearing sensor (iseli yomthwalo) ivelisa isignali yombane. Esi signali siyaguqulwa size sicutshungulwe sisixhobo sokucubungula idatha, kwaye isiphumo sokulinganisa siboniswa sisixhobo esibonisayo.
Ulwakhiwo: Isikali siqulathe i-load receptor, i-load cell, kunye ne-weighing indicator. Isenokuba yi-integral construction okanye i-modular construction.
Isicelo: Ezi zikali zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulinganiseni iimpahla, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kurhwebo, kumazibuko, kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, kwiindawo zokugcina impahla nakwizinto ezithuthwayo, kwi-metallurgy, nakwimizi-mveliso.
Iintlobo zezikali zokubonisa zedijithali: Izikali zebhentshi ze-elektroniki kunye neqonga (ezibizwa ngokuba zizikali zebhentshi ze-elektroniki/iqonga), eziquka: Izikali zekhompyutha kunye namaxabiso, Izikali zokulinganisa kuphela, Izikali zebhakhowudi, Izikali zokubala, Izikali zokwahlulahlula ezininzi, Izikali zamanqanaba amaninzi njl. njl.;Izikali ze-crane ze-elektroniki, eziquka: Izikali zeehoko, Izikali zeehoko ezixhonyiweyo, Izikali zekreni ezihambayo ezihamba ngaphezulu, Izikali zeMonorail njl. njl.;Izikali ze-elektroniki ezizinzileyo, eziquka: Izikali ze-elektroniki, Izikali ezifakwe kumphezulu nge-elektroniki, Izikali ze-hopper ze-elektroniki njl. njl.
Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba izixhobo ezinkulu zokulinganisa ezifana nezikali zepit okanye izikali zelori ziphantsi koluhlu lwezikali ze-elektroniki ezizinzileyo, kwaye ke ngoko zinokuqinisekiswa ngokuhambelana neUmgaqo woQinisekisongenxaIzikali ezibonisa idijithali(JJG 539-2016). Kwiikali ezinomthamo omncinci, ukulayisha nokukhupha ubunzima obuqhelekileyo kulula kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiikali ezinkulu ezinomlinganiselo we-3 × 18 yeemitha okanye ezinomthamo ongaphezulu kweetoni ezili-100, ukusebenza kuba nzima kakhulu. Ukulandela ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ze-JJG 539 kubeka imingeni ebalulekileyo, kwaye ezinye iimfuno zinokuba nzima ukuzisebenzisa. Kwiikali zelori, ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwe-metrological kubandakanya ikakhulu izinto ezintlanu: Ukuchaneka kwe-zero-setting kunye nokuchaneka kwe-tare., Umthwalo ongaqhelekanga (umthwalo ongekho embindini), Ukulinganisa, Ukulinganisa emva kobunzima, Uluhlu lokuphindaphindeka kunye nolwahlulo. Phakathi kwezi, umthwalo ongaqhelekanga, ubunzima, ubunzima emva kobunzima, kunye nokuphindaphinda zithatha ixesha elide kakhulu.Ukuba iinkqubo zilandelwa ngokungqongqo, kusenokungabi lula ukugqiba ukuqinisekiswa kwesikali esinye selori ngosuku olunye. Nokuba ukuphindaphindwa kulungile, okuvumela ukwehla kobunzima bovavanyo kunye nokutshintshwa okungaphelelanga, inkqubo ihlala inzima kakhulu.
7.1 Izixhobo Eziqhelekileyo Zokuqinisekisa
7.1.1 Ubunzima obuqhelekileyo
7.1.1.1 Ubunzima obuqhelekileyo obusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa buya kuhambelana neemfuno zemetrological ezichazwe kwi-JG99, kwaye iimpazamo zabo aziyi kudlula i-1/3 yempazamo ephezulu evumelekileyo yomthwalo ohambelanayo njengoko kuchaziwe kwiTheyibhile 3.
7.1.1.2 Inani lobunzima obuqhelekileyo liya kwanela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuqinisekisa zesikali.
7.1.1.3 Kufuneka kubonelelwe ngobunzima obuqhelekileyo obufunekayo ukuze busetyenziswe kunye nendlela ye-intermittent load point ukuze kupheliswe iimpazamo zokujikelezisa.
7.1.2 Ukutshintshwa koBunzima obuqhelekileyo
Xa isikali siqinisekisiwe kwindawo yaso yokusetyenziswa, faka ezinye izinto ezifunekayo endaweni yazo (ezinye izinto ezifunekayo) endaweni yazo
ezinobunzima obuzinzileyo nobuziwayo) zingasetyenziselwa ukuthatha indawo yenxalenye yomgangatho
ubunzima:
Ukuba ukuphindaphindwa kwesikali kudlula i-0.3e, ubunzima bobunzima obuqhelekileyo obusetyenzisiweyo buya kuba yi-1/2 yomthamo omkhulu wesikali;
Ukuba ukuphindaphindwa kwesikali kungaphezulu kwe-0.2e kodwa kungabi ngaphezu kwe-0.3e, ubunzima bobunzima obuqhelekileyo obusetyenzisiweyo bunokwehliswa bube yi-1/3 yomthamo omkhulu wesikali;
Ukuba ukuphindaphindwa kwesikali akudluli kwi-0.2e, ubunzima bobunzima obuqhelekileyo obusetyenzisiweyo bunokwehliswa bube yi-1/5 yomthamo omkhulu wesikali.
Ukuphindaphinda okukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla kugqitywa ngokufaka umthwalo omalunga ne-1/2 yomthamo ophezulu wesikali (nokuba bubunzima obuqhelekileyo okanye nabuphi na ubunzima obuzinzileyo) kwi-load receptor kathathu.
Ukuba ukuphindaphindwa kwe-10 kg kuyafuneka kwiitoni ezingama-33 zobunzima obuqhelekileyo. Ukuba ukuphindaphindwa kwe-15 kg kuyafuneka iitoni ezingama-50 zobunzima. Kuya kuba nzima kakhulu kwiziko lokuqinisekisa ukuba lizise iitoni ezingama-50 zobunzima kwindawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe isikali. Ukuba kuziswa iitoni ezingama-20 zobunzima kuphela, kunokucingelwa ukuba ukuphindaphindwa kwesikali seetoni ezili-100 akudluli kwi-0.2 kg / 10 kg. Ukuba ukuphindaphindwa kwe-10 kg kunokufezekiswa akuthandabuzeki, kwaye wonke umntu unokuba nombono wemingeni esebenzayo. Ngaphezu koko, nangona isixa siphela sobunzima obuqhelekileyo obusetyenzisiweyo sincitshisiwe, imithwalo yokutshintsha kufuneka inyuswe ngokufanayo, ngoko ke umthwalo wovavanyo uwonke awutshintshi.
1. Uvavanyo lweeNqanaba zokuLinganisa
Ukuqinisekisa ukulinganisa, kufuneka kukhethwe ubuncinane iindawo ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo. Ezi kufuneka zibandakanye umthamo omncinci wesikali, umthamo omkhulu wesikali, kunye namaxabiso omthwalo ahambelana notshintsho kwimpazamo ephezulu evumelekileyo, oko kukuthi, amanqaku okuchaneka okuphakathi: 500e kunye no-2000e. Kwisikali selori esineetoni ezili-100, apho i-e = 50 kg, oku kuhambelana ne: 500e = 25 t, 2000e = 100 t. Inqaku le-2000e limele umthamo omkhulu wesikali, kwaye ukuyivavanya kunokuba nzima xa kusenziwa. Ngaphezu koko,ukulinganisa emva kobunzimakufuna ukuphinda kuqinisekiswe kuzo zonke iindawo zomthwalo ezintlanu. Musa ukuwuthatha kancinci umthwalo womsebenzi obandakanyeka kwiindawo zokubeka esweni ezintlanu—umsebenzi wokulayisha nokukhupha umthwalo mkhulu kakhulu.
2. Uvavanyo loMthwalo oQhelekileyo
7.5.11.2 Umthwalo kunye nendawo engaqhelekanga
a) Kwiisikali ezineengongoma zokuxhasa ezingaphezulu kwe-4 (N > 4): Umthwalo osetyenziswa kwindawo nganye yokuxhasa kufuneka ulingane ne-1/(N–1) yomthamo omkhulu wesikali. Ubunzima bufanele busetyenziswe ngokulandelelanayo ngaphezu kwendawo nganye yokuxhasa, ngaphakathi kwendawo elingana ne-1/N ye-load receptor. Ukuba amanqaku amabini okuxhasa asondelelene kakhulu, ukusebenzisa uvavanyo njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla kunokuba nzima. Kwimeko enjalo, umthwalo ophindwe kabini unokufakwa kwindawo ephindwe kabini kumgama ohambelana nomgca odibanisa amanqaku amabini okuxhasa.
b) Kwiisikali ezineengongoma zokuxhasa ezi-4 okanye ngaphantsi (N ≤ 4): Umthwalo osetyenzisiweyo kufuneka ulingane ne-1/3 yomthamo omkhulu wesikali.
Ubunzima bufanele busetyenziswe ngokulandelelana kwindawo elingana ne-1/4 ye-load receptor, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1 okanye uqwalaselo olulingana noMfanekiso 1.
Kwisikali selori esiziitoni ezili-100 esinobukhulu obuziimitha ezi-3 × 18, kudla ngokubakho iiseli zomthwalo ezisibhozo ubuncinane. Ukwahlula umthwalo uwonke ngokulinganayo, kuya kufuneka kusetyenziswe iitoni ezili-100 ÷ 7 ≈ ezili-14.28 (malunga neetoni ezili-14) kwindawo nganye yokuxhasa. Kunzima kakhulu ukubeka iitoni ezili-14 zobunzima kwindawo nganye yokuxhasa. Nokuba ubunzima bunokubekwa ndawonye, ukulayisha nokukhulula ubunzima obuninzi ngolo hlobo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubandakanya umthwalo omkhulu womsebenzi.
3. Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukulayisha vs. Ukulayisha okwenyani kokusebenza
Ngokwembono yeendlela zokulayisha, ukuqinisekiswa kwezikali zelori kufana noko kwezikali ezinomthamo omncinci. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokuqinisekiswa kwezikali zelori kwindawo, ubunzima buhlala buphakanyiswa bubekwe ngqo kwiqonga lesikali, ngendlela efanayo nenkqubo esetyenziswa ngexesha lovavanyo lwefektri. Le ndlela yokusebenzisa umthwalo yahlukile kakhulu kumthwalo osebenzayo wesikali selori. Ukubekwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezikali eziphakanyisiweyo kwiqonga lesikali akudali amandla empembelelo ethe tye, akubandakanyi izixhobo zokumisa ezisecaleni okanye ezinde zesikali, kwaye kwenza kube nzima ukubona imiphumo yeendlela zokungena/zokuphuma ezithe tye kunye nezixhobo zokumisa ezinde kuzo zombini iziphelo zesikali ekusebenzeni kokulinganisa.
Enyanisweni, ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwe-metrological kusetyenziswa le ndlela akubonisi ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza zokwenyani. Ukuqinisekiswa okusekelwe kuphela kule ndlela yokulayisha engameliyo akunakwenzeka ukuba kufumanise ukusebenza kwe-metrological yokwenyani phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza zokwenyani.
Ngokutsho kweJJG 539-2016Umgaqo woQinisekisongenxaIzikali ezibonisa idijithali, ukusebenzisa ubunzima obuqhelekileyo okanye ubunzima obuqhelekileyo kunye nezinye izinto ezithatha indawo ukuqinisekisa izikali ezinomthamo omkhulu kubandakanya imingeni emikhulu, kuquka: Umthwalo omkhulu womsebenzi, Ubunzima obukhulu bomsebenzi, Iindleko eziphezulu zokuhamba ngobunzima, Ixesha elide lokuqinisekisa, Iingozi zokhuselekonjl. njl.Ezi zinto zidala ubunzima obukhulu ekuqinisekisweni kwendawo. Ngo-2011, iFujian Institute of Metrology yaqalisa iprojekthi yophuhliso lwezixhobo zesayensi eziphambili zesizwe.Uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa umthwalo ezichanekileyo kakhulu kwizikali zokulinganisaIsixhobo sokulinganisa umthwalo esiphuhlisiweyo sisixhobo sokuqinisekisa esincedisayo esizimeleyo esihambelana ne-OIML R76, esivumela ukuqinisekiswa ngokuchanekileyo, ngokukhawuleza, nangokulula kwanoma yiyiphi indawo yokulayisha, kuquka izinto zokuqinisekisa ezipheleleyo, kunye nezinye izinto zokuqinisekisa izikali zelori ze-elektroniki. Ngokusekelwe kwesi sixhobo, i-JJG 1118-2015Umgaqo woQinisekisongenxaIzikali zeLori ze-elektroniki (Indlela yeSixhobo sokuLinganisa uMthwalo)yaqaliswa ngokusesikweni ngomhla wama-24 kweyeNkanga ngo-2015.
Zombini iindlela zokuqinisekisa zinezibonelelo kunye neengxaki zazo, kwaye ukhetho olusebenzayo kufuneka lwenziwe ngokusekelwe kwimeko yokwenyani.
Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kwemithetho emibini yokuqinisekisa:
JJG 539-2016 Iingenelo: 1. Isebenzisa imithwalo eqhelekileyo okanye izinto ezithatha indawo engcono kuneklasi ye-M2,okuvumela icandelo lokuqinisekisa izikali zelori ze-elektroniki ziya kufikelela kuma-500–10,000.2. Izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zinomjikelo wokuqinisekisa wonyaka omnye, kwaye ukulandeleka kwezixhobo ezisemgangathweni kunokugqityezelwa kwindawo yasekuhlaleni kumaziko emetrology kamasipala okanye esithili.
Iingxaki: Umthwalo womsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu kunye nobunzima obukhulu bomsebenzi; Ixabiso eliphezulu lokulayisha, ukukhupha, kunye nokuthutha iintsimbi; Ukusebenza kakuhle okuphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakubi kokhuseleko; Ixesha elide lokuqinisekisa; ukunamathela ngokungqongqo kunokuba nzima ekusebenzeni.
I-JJG 1118 Iingenelo: 1. Isixhobo sokuLinganisa uMthwalo wesikali soKulinganisa kunye nezixhobo zaso zinokuthuthwa ziye kwindawo ngesithuthi esinye esinee-axle ezimbini.2. Ubunzima bomsebenzi obuphantsi, iindleko zokuthutha umthwalo eziphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqinisekisa, ukusebenza kakuhle kokhuseleko, kunye nexesha elifutshane lokuqinisekisa.3. Akukho mfuneko yokukhupha/ukulayisha kwakhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe.
Iingxaki: 1. Ukusebenzisa i-Electronic Truck Scale (Indlela yeSixhobo sokuLinganisa uMthwalo),icandelo lokuqinisekisa linokufikelela kuphela kuma-500–3,000.2. Isikali selori ye-elektroniki kufuneka sifake isixhobo samandla okusabelae (umqadi we-cantilever) oqhagamshelwe kwii-piers (nokuba zii-piers zekhonkrithi ezizinzileyo okanye ii-piers zesakhiwo sentsimbi esishukumayo).3. Kwi-arbitration okanye uvavanyo olusemthethweni, ukuqinisekiswa kufuneka kulandele i-JJG 539 kusetyenziswa ubunzima obuqhelekileyo njengesixhobo sokubhekisa. 4. Izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zinomjikelo wokuqinisekisa weenyanga ezintandathu, kwaye uninzi lwamaziko emetrology ephondo okanye kamasipala awakaqinisekisi ukulandelelwa kwezi zixhobo ezisemgangathweni; ukulandelelwa kufuneka kufunyanwe kumaziko afanelekileyo.
I-JJG 1118-2015 yamkela isixhobo sokuqinisekisa esizimeleyo esicetyiswe yi-OIML R76, kwaye isebenza njengesongezelelo kwindlela yokuqinisekisa izikali zelori ze-elektroniki kwi-JJG 539-1997.Isebenza kwizikali zelori ze-elektroniki ezinomthamo ophezulu ≥ 30 t, icandelo lokuqinisekisa ≤ 3,000, kumanqanaba okuchaneka okuphakathi okanye okuqhelekileyo. Ayisebenzi kwizikali zelori ezinezixhobo zokubonisa ezibanzi, ezinobubanzi obuninzi, okanye ezisebenzisa i-elektroniki.
Ixesha leposi: Agasti-26-2025