Indlela ye-Static Gravimetric + i-Static Volumetric + i-Master Meter Method
1. Inkcazo
I-LJS type Water Flow Standard Facility (ebizwa ngokuba yi-Facility) sisixhobo sokulinganisa esikhethekileyo esifunekayo kwimigaqo yokuqinisekisa i-metrological yesizwe. Isebenzisa izikali ze-elektroniki ezichanekileyo kakhulu (umgangatho oyintloko), imilinganiselo yesinyithi esemgangathweni (umgangatho oyintloko), kunye neemitha zokuhamba ezisemgangathweni (umgangatho wesibini) njengezixhobo zokubhekisa. Isebenzisa amanzi acocekileyo njengendlela yokulinganisa, kwaye isekelwe kwimigaqo yokuqinisekisa yesizwe efanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zokulinganisa zemitha ephantsi kovavanyo (i-MUT), iqinisekisa rhoqo, ilinganise, kwaye ivavanye iimitha zokuhamba ze-MUT ngaphakathi kwexesha elifanayo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ngamasebe esizwe olawulo lobuchwephesha be-metrology ukuqinisekisa izixhobo okokuqala ngqa nangokomthetho, kunye nokugweba okwenziwa yinkundla kunye noluntu. Ikwasebenza njengomgangatho wokusebenza kwangaphakathi kumashishini afana ne-petroleum kunye neekhemikhali, kwaye isetyenziselwa uvavanyo lokulinganisa ukuhamba okukrelekrele kuphando lwesayensi, ukulawulwa kobuchwepheshe be-metrology, kunye nokuveliswa kwemitha yokuhamba, inikezela ngomgangatho obanzi kunye nokusebenza. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokudluliselwa kwexabiso ngexesha lomsebenzi wokulinganisa kunye nokuphucula ulwazi lobuchwephesha lokuqinisekisa i-metrological lwabasebenzi, olu luhlu loqeqesho lucwangciswe ngokukodwa. Abasebenzi abenza umsebenzi wokulinganisa izakhiwo kulindeleke ukuba bawuthathe nzulu, bawufunde ngenkuthalo, baze bawufunde kakuhle lo msebenzi.
Esi sakhiwo sidibanisa iindlela ezininzi zokulinganisa: Indlela yeStatic Gravimetric, Indlela yeStatic Volumetric, kunye neNdlela yeMaster Meter. Le ndlela incedisayo eneendlela ezininzi iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesakhiwo kunye nenqanaba lobukrelekrele, ivumela ukulinganiswa okanye ukuqinisekiswa kwe-intanethi kweemitha zokuhamba ezisemgangathweni, kunye nokulinganiswa okanye ukuqinisekiswa kweemitha ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba kwamanzi.
Indlela yeStatic Gravimetric isebenzisa isikali se-elektroniki esichanekileyo kakhulu njengesalathiso. Imisela izinga lokuhamba ngokulinganisa ubunzima bento yonke yolwelo olungena kwisikhongozeli sokulinganisa ngaphakathi kwexesha elimiselweyo kwaye ithelekise nokuhamba kobunzima obubalwe kwi-MUT, ngaloo ndlela imisela ukuchaneka kunye nokuphindaphindwa kwe-MUT. Izikali ze-elektroniki zibonelela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu; le ndlela inokufikelela ku-±0.05% ukuchaneka kwaye ineenzuzo ezifana nomthombo woxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, ukuhamba okuzinzileyo, kunye nokuchaneka kokulinganisa okuphezulu.
Indlela yeStatic Volumetric isebenzisa umlinganiselo wesinyithi oqhelekileyo njengesalathiso. Xa ithelekiswa neStatic Gravimetric Method, ikwanomthombo woxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, ukuhamba okuzinzileyo, kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kokulinganisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kufunyanwe ukuhamba okukhulu, iStatic Volumetric Method ifuna umlinganiselo wesinyithi oqhelekileyo osetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo. Ukuvelisa umlinganiselo wesinyithi oqhelekileyo kunzima, ixesha lokulinganisa lide, kwaye ukuchaneka okuphezulu okunokufikelelwa yi-±0.1%.
Indlela yeMaster Meter isebenzisa i-flow meter echanekileyo kakhulu njengesixhobo sokubhekisa ukuvavanya i-MUT. Ii-flow meter ezichanekileyo kakhulu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zinokufikelela malunga ne-±0.2% yokuchaneka kokulinganisa. Ukulinganisa ii-flow meter zokusebenza ngokubanzi, le ndlela yokuqinisekisa ilula, ilula, kwaye ingabizi kakhulu.
Indlela yokuzinzisa uxinzelelo lweziko idibanisa isikhephe esizinzisayo kunye nolawulo lwe-variable frequency drive (VFD). Ngokulawula isantya se-VFD ukulawula isantya sepompo, ukuhamba komphumo we-calibration medium kuzinzisiwe. Ukuzinziswa ngakumbi yinqanawa ezinzisayo kulawula ukutshintsha koxinzelelo lokuhamba ngaphakathi kwe-0.2%. Ulawulo lokuhamba kwenkqubo ludibanisa iivalvu ezilawulayo kunye ne-pump motor VFD control, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo lokuhamba kompu kwiidayamitha ezahlukeneyo ngelixa kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwenkqubo.
Lonke eli ziko lilawulwa yikhompyutha ezenzekelayo eyongezelelwe kukusebenza ngesandla. Ivumela ulawulo oluzenzekelayo kunye nokufunyanwa kwedatha kulo lonke iziko, njengokufundwa kwesikali se-elektroniki, ukufundwa komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo, ukufundwa kwemitha yokuhamba, ukufundwa kwe-MUT, ulawulo lwe-diverter, i-pressure transmitter, i-temperature transmitter, i-flow regulating valve, kunye nolawulo lwe-VFD kunye nokufunyanwa kwedatha. Ingenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukulinganiswa kwe-single-point, three-point, five-point, kunye ne-multi-point, kunye nemisebenzi yokugcina idatha ngokuzenzekelayo, ukubuza, ukuprinta iziphumo zokulinganisa, kunye neesatifikethi zokulinganisa. Indlela yokuzinzisa uxinzelelo isebenzisa ukulawulwa kwe-VFD kunye neendlela zokuzinzisa izitya ngokusekelwe kuluhlu lokuhamba. Ukulawulwa kokuhamba kwenkqubo kudibanisa iivalvu zokulawula umbane kunye ne-pump motor ulawulo lwe-VFD, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokulawulwa kokuhamba komgama kwiidayamitha ezahlukeneyo kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwenkqubo.
Abasebenzisi banokukhetha indlela ethile yokulinganisa ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwemitha eza kulinganiswa, imida yendawo, iimeko zoqoqosho, njl.njl., okanye badibanise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha indawo esemgangathweni efanelekileyo.
Uyilo lwesakhiwo luhambelana nemigangatho yesizwe yemetrology, imigaqo, kunye neenkcukacha:
● Isixhobo Esisemgangathweni Sokuhamba Kolwelo se-JJG 164-2000
● Isixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokuhamba kweNdlela yeMitha yeJJG 643-2024
● Iimitha zamanzi abandayo ze-JJG 162-2019
● Iimitha zokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ze-JJG 257-2007
● Ii-JJG 640-2016 Differential Pressure Flowmeters
●Ii-Flowmeters ze-Liquid Positive Displacement ze-JJG 667-2010
● Ii-JJG 1029-2007 Vortex Flowmeters
●Ii-Ultrasonic Flowmeters ze-JJG 1030-2007
● Iimitha ze-Electromagnetic ze-JJG 1033-2007
● Iimitha zokuhamba zeTurbine zeJJG 1037-2008
●JJG 1038-2008 Coriolis Mass Flowmeters
2. Umxholo oPhambili
2.1 IiParamitha zoBugcisa eziPhambili
2.1.1Iindlela zokulinganisa: Indlela ye-Static Gravimetric + Indlela ye-Static Volumetric + Indlela ye-Master Meter.
2.1.2Ukungaqiniseki Okwandisiweyo Kweziko:
* Indlela yeGravimetric engaguqukiyo: 0.05% (*k*=2) Isithuba sesikali sokuqinisekisa isikali se-elektroniki e=1/6000;
* Indlela ye-Static Volumetric: 0.2% (*k*=2) Isilinganiselo esiqhelekileyo sokusebenza Impazamo ephezulu evumelekileyo: ≤±0.5×10⁻³; ukuba kusetyenziswa iindlela zesinyithi ezisemgangathweni zeKlasi yesiBini, Indlela ye-Static Volumetric inokuba yi-0.15% (*k*=2);
* Indlela yoMgangatho oPhambili: 0.3% (*k*=2) Ukungaqiniseki kwemitha yokuhamba kombane eqhelekileyo 0.2% (*k*=2).
2.1.3Uzinzo lokuhamba kwamanzi: ≤0.2%.
2.1.4Uluhlu lokuhamba: (0.02 ~ 5000) m³/h (okanye uluhlu lokuhamba oluchazwe ngumsebenzisi).
2.1.5Iinkcukacha ze-MUT: Ububanzi DN4 ~ DN600 (okanye ububanzi obuchazwe ngumsebenzisi).
2.1.6Izikhululo zoVavanyo loLungiso: Amaqela amaninzi anokumiselwa, kunye nemibhobho yovavanyo lohlengahlengiso ecwangcisiweyo ngokulinganayo. Ububanzi obuqhelekileyo bezikhululo zohlengahlengiso yi-DN25, DN50, DN80, DN100, DN150, DN200, DN300, DN400, DN500, DN600. Ezinye iimitha zokuhamba kweenkcukacha zinokulinganiswa ngokutshintsha imibhobho.
2.1.7Iintlobo ze-MUTs: Iimitha zokuhamba zeTurbine, iimitha zokuhamba zevortex, iimitha zokuhamba ze-electromagnetic, iimitha zokuhamba ze-ultrasonic, iimitha zokuhamba kwesantya, iimitha zokuhamba koxinzelelo oluhlukeneyo, iimitha zokuhamba zokuhamba kwe-liquid positive, iimitha zokuhamba kobunzima beCoriolis, njl.
2.1.8Iimpawu ze-MUT: Isignali ye-pulse (frequency), i-current (4~20)mA, unxibelelwano lwedijithali lwe-RS485, akukho signali (ukufundwa ngqo), njl.
2.1.9Umlinganiselo wokulinganisa: Amanzi acocekileyo.
2.1.10Uxinzelelo Lokusebenza: (0.2 ~ 1.0) MPa (ngokweemfuno zomsebenzisi).
2.1.11Ubonelelo loMbane oluNikezelweyo: DC (5V, 12V, 24V)/1A, AC220V/10A.
2.1.12Indlela yoLawulo:
Ngexesha lokulinganisa, indawo isebenza phantsi kolawulo oluzenzekelayo. Emva kwemisebenzi efunekayo ngesandla (ukufaka i-MUT, ukuvula/ukuvala iivalvu ngesandla), imisebenzi eseleyo yokulinganisa igqitywa ngokuzenzekelayo lulawulo lwekhompyutha.
2.1.13Izixhobo zeZibonelelo:
Iindawo ezidibana nendawo yokuvavanya zenziwe ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304. Ezinye izinto zenziwe ngentsimbi yekhabhoni epeyintiweyo.
2.1.14Indawo yeLebhu yeZibonelelo (Ebonelelwe nguMsebenzisi):
Lonke eli ziko lenziwe ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuze kongiwe indawo kwaye kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zelebhu.
2.1.15Ukwamkelwa kweZiko:
Ukwamkelwa kokugqibela kwesakhiwo sonke kwenziwa liziko lesizwe elisemthethweni le-metrology elichongwe ngumsebenzisi. Baza kuhlola, bavavanye, baze bakhuphe ingxelo yokuqinisekisa/yokulinganisa (isatifikethi). Le ngxelo (isatifikethi) isebenza njengoxwebhu oluphambili lokwamkela.
Ezinye iiyunithi zokulinganisa ngaphakathi kwiziko, kuquka izikali ze-elektroniki, imilinganiselo yesinyithi esemgangathweni, iimitha zokuhamba ezisemgangathweni, ii-transmitters zoxinzelelo, ii-transmitters zobushushu, ii-timers, njl.njl., ziya kunikwa iingxelo zokuqinisekisa/zokulinganisa (izatifikethi) ezikhutshwe ngamaziko e-metrology asemthethweni ephondo emva kokuhlolwa.
2.2 Umgaqo Wokusebenza
Xa usebenzisa iStatic Gravimetric Method yokulinganisa, isikali se-elektroniki sisikhombisi. Ngaphakathi kwexesha elifanayo elimiselweyo, ubunzima be-calibration medium edlula kwi-MUT buthelekiswa nobunzima obulinganiswa sisikali se-elektroniki (okanye ukuhamba kobunzima obubalwe kwixesha elimiselweyo), nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuphindaphinda kwe-MUT.
Xa kusetyenziswa iStatic Volumetric Method yokulinganisa iflow meter, iMUT kunye nestandard working measure zisebenza ngokulandelelana. Ngaphakathi kwexesha elifanayo elimiselweyo, i-volumetric flow kwi-MUT (okanye i-cumulative volume ebalwe kwixesha elimiselweyo) ithelekiswa ne-volume elinganiswe statically kwistandard working measure, nto leyo emisela ukuchaneka kwe-metrological ye-MUT kunye nokuphindaphinda kwayo.
Xa usebenzisa i-Master Meter Method yokulinganisa, i-calibration medium ihamba rhoqo kwi-MUT nakwi-master meter. I-master meter isebenza njengesalathiso, iqhagamshelwe kuthotho lwe-MUT ukuze kuthelekiswe i-metrological, imisela ukuchaneka kunye nokuphindaphinda kwe-MUT.
2.3 Ukuhamba kweNkqubo
Isixhobo sokuvavanya siphuma kwitanki yamanzi, sidlula kwiqela lepompo, kwisitya esizinzisayo, kwisixhobo sokuphelisa/sokucoca umoya, kwiipayipi zenkqubo yokulinganisa, kwiqela lemitha yokuhamba esemgangathweni, kwiqela levalvu elawula ukuhamba, kwisitya sokulinganisa, singena kwisitya sokulinganisa. Emva kokulinganisa ngesikali se-elektroniki (okanye isikali sesinyithi esiqhelekileyo), sibuyela kwitanki yamanzi. Ukuhamba kwenkqubo kugqitywa ngokulinganisa ulwelo olungena kwisitya sokulinganisa (okanye ukulinganisa umthamo wesikali sesinyithi esiqhelekileyo).
Faka i-MUT kumbhobho wovavanyo ohambelanayo. Qalisa inkqubo yokugcina amanzi ajikelezayo kunye nokuzinzisa uxinzelelo. Lungisa ukuvulwa kwevalvu elawulayo, isantya sokuhamba esiphakathi, kunye noxinzelelo lombhobho ukuze ufikelele kwaye uzinze kwisantya sokuhamba komlinganiselo esifunekayo. Isixhobo sovavanyo sihamba nge-MUT kunye nomgangatho wokusebenza komlinganiselo (isikali se-elektroniki, umlinganiselo wesinyithi oqhelekileyo, imitha yokuhamba esemgangathweni). Sebenzisa umgangatho wokusebenza we-MUT kunye nokuhamba komlinganiselo ngokulandelelana, thelekisa amaxabiso okuphuma kwawo ukuze ubone ukuchaneka kwe-MUT kunye nokuphindaphinda. Amaxabiso asemgangathweni aqokelelwe ngokulinganayo kunye namaxabiso e-MUT angena kwinkqubo yekhompyutha ukuze kucutshungulwe idatha. Ngokusekelwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa, inkqubo yolawulo ikhupha imiqondiso yolawulo eyahlukeneyo njengoko kufuneka ukuzisa isixhobo sovavanyo kwisantya sokuhamba kwesinye isithuba sovavanyo. Phinda lo msebenzi ungasentla de onke amanqaku okuhamba alinganiswe. Okokugqibela, bala iziphumo zokulinganisa ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yokuqinisekisa, uzigcine, kwaye uprinte iingxelo kunye nezatifikethi.
2.4 Ukwakhiwa kweZiko
2.4.1Inkqubo Yokugcina Amanzi Ajikelezayo Nokuzinzisa
Yenziwe ngetanki yamanzi, iimpompo, inkqubo ye-VFD, isitya sokuzinzisa, isicoci/isihluzi somoya, imibhobho yokudibanisa, iivalvu zesango ezenziwe ngesandla, iivalvu zokujonga, kunye nezihlanganisi eziguquguqukayo, njl.
A. Iimpompo zamandla
Kukhethwa iimpompo ze-centrifugal ezisebenzisa amandla ombane, ezingcangcazela kancinci, nezingxolo iphantsi. Zigubungela ngokupheleleyo uluhlu lokuhamba olufunekayo kwiipayipi zokulinganisa zesikhungo kwaye zimele imigaqo yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye noqoqosho oluphezulu phantsi kwesiseko sokulawula ukuhamba. Iimpompo ezininzi zingasetyenziswa kunye okanye ipompo enye inokulawulwa yi-VFD ngokuzimeleyo ukuhlangabezana noluhlu lokuhamba kweepayipi zokulinganisa.
Intloko yepompo ikhethwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe ekungqubaneni kwemibhobho okubalwa kunye nokulahleka kwendawo ukusuka kwindawo yokuphuma kwepompo ukuya kwindawo yokuphuma kwepayipi, kunye nokuphakama ukusuka kumphezulu wetanki ukuya kwi-diverter nozzle kunye nombhobho wokubuyisela, ilahleko yokufunxa ipompo, kunye neemfuno zoxinzelelo lokusebenza ukuze kulinganiswe. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhamba kwepompo kusebenzisa amaxabiso aphakathi.
Iimpompo ziyilwe kwaye zenziwe kusetyenziswa iimodeli ze-hydraulic zanamhlanje, ezinee-spiral casings, i-horizontal suction, i-vertical discharge, kunye ne-inlet/outlet diameters ezifanayo. Uqhagamshelo lwe-motor ngqo luqinisekisa ii-concentric shafts, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nokuthembekileyo, ukuqinisekisa uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo lwe-outlet yepompo kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci kunye nokuguquguquka kokuhamba, okwenza kube lula ukulawula kunye nokulawula.
Amanyathelo okunciphisa ukungcangcazela kunye nokwahlula asetyenziswa ngexesha lokufakwa kwepompo. Izihlanganisi eziguquguqukayo zifakelwa kwindawo yokungena/yokuphuma kwepompo ukuze kuncitshiswe ngempumelelo ukungcangcazela. Iivalvu zokujonga ezivala kancinci zifakelwa kwimibhobho yokukhupha amanzi ukuthintela ukuphuma kwamanzi emva, kunye namanyathelo okunciphisa uxinzelelo ukuze kususwe ihamile yamanzi. Iimoto zisebenza kakuhle ngombane ngokhuseleko lombane/lokugqithisa. Intloko yokufunxa echanekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukungena komoya kunye neengxaki zokuprima.
B. Isitya Esizinzisayo
Indlela yokuzinzisa uxinzelelo lweziko kukuzinzisa imithambo yegazi + ummiselo we-VFD, osetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuhamba komoya kunye nokuguquguquka koxinzelelo ngexesha lokufunyanwa. Inika uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo kwinkqubo, isusa ukuphefumla okuphindaphindekayo kunye namaza okutshatyalaza kwiimpompo, kwaye isusa amaqamza afakwe kwi-calibration medium. I-continuing vessel i-avareji, i-buffer, kwaye ifunxa ukuphefumla koxinzelelo lolwelo, iqinisekisa ukuba ukushukuma koxinzelelo lokuphuma komoya kuhlala kuzinzile ngaphakathi kwe-0.2%, okwenza ulwelo olukwipayipi yokulinganisa luhlangabezane ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokuhamba rhoqo kwesigaba esinye.
Ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lokuguquguquka kwesithuba sokukhupha ipompo, ixabiso lokuzinzisa isitya, kunye nobubanzi bokungena/bokuphuma kwesitya, bala ukuhamba okuphezulu ukuya kuyilo olufanelekileyo lomthamo wesitya, ubungakanani, kunye noxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo. Izinto zingaba yintsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye intsimbi yekhabhoni engama-304.
Inqanawa ine-baffle enye ethe nkqo, ii-baffle ezintathu ezithe tye ezineegridi ezineembobo. I-baffle ethe nkqo yahlula inqanawa ibe ziigumbi zokungena nezokuphuma. I-medium ingena, igeleza phezulu/ezantsi ngenxa ye-baffle kunye ne-buffer, i-turbulence incitshiswa ngakumbi zii-baffles ezithe tye kunye ne-cushion yomoya ephezulu, emva koko ingena kwigumbi lokukhupha ngokugcwala ukuya kumbhobho. Oku kufunxa ngempumelelo kwaye kuthintela amaza okubetha kwe-pulsation aphindaphindayo, kususa i-pump-induced pump, esebenza njengesizinzisi soxinzelelo kunye ne-unloader. Utshintsho oluncinci loxinzelelo lwenkqubo luthintelwa kukwandiswa/ukucutheka ngokuzenzekelayo kwendawo ye-cushion yomoya ngaphezulu kwenqanawa.
Uyilo kunye nokuveliswa kuhambelana ne-GB150-2011 "Iinqanawa zoxinzelelo lwentsimbi" kunye "neMimiselo yoLawulo loKhuseleko lweZitya zoxinzelelo". Iiflanges ziyahambelana ne-GB150-2011 kunye ne-GB/T 9112~9124-2010 "Iiflanges zePipe yentsimbi". Kunikezelwa amaxwebhu apheleleyo okhuseleko (ilayisenisi yokuvelisa, isatifikethi somgangatho, isatifikethi solawulo lwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo, iifayile zoyilo, iincwadi zokufaka/zokulungisa).
Izixhobo zenqanawa ziquka i-pressure gauge, i-drain valve, i-spring-loaded full-lift valve, iipayipi, kunye nezixhobo.
C. Inkqubo ye-VFD
Esi sakhiwo sixhotyiswe ngenkqubo ye-VFD yomntu ngamnye. Imisebenzi yaso: 1) Kuphephe ukuchaphazeleka kwegridi ngexesha lokutshintsha kwamandla, 2) Qinisekisa ukuba iipompo zihlala zisebenza phantsi kolawulo lwe-VFD ukuze kube lula ukulawula ukuhamba kwenkqubo kunye nokonga amandla. Inkqubo ibandakanya ikhabhinethi yokuqala, i-VFD, iintambo zokudibanisa, njl. I-VFD enye ilawula i-motor yepompo enye (uluhlu lwesantya olungcono: 35Hz ~ 50Hz). Ulawulo lwe-PID lusetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kunye noxinzelelo. Ii-VFD zifakwa kwiikhabhinethi ezinemisebenzi yokumisa yendawo/engxamisekileyo, ulawulo lwesandla, kunye nolawulo olukude lwekhompyutha. Ukuze kukhuseleke, ii-thermal relay zongezwa ngaphakathi kwiikhabhinethi ukuze kukhuselwe umbane omninzi/umthwalo omninzi.
Ngexesha lokusebenza, iimoto zepompo ezilawulwa yi-VFD ziyakwazi ukufikelela kuluhlu lokuhamba olungenakufunyanwa ziipompo zesantya esimiselweyo. Ukusebenza kwe-VFD kufuneka kuphephe uluhlu olusezantsi lokuthintela iindawo ezifileyo kunye nolawulo olungelulo olungqalileyo. Ukuhamba okuzinzileyo kwi-MUT kufuna umahluko ozinzileyo woxinzelelo kuyo yonke indawo. Ukulawula ukuzinza koxinzelelo oluphezulu kubalulekile ekuzinzeni kokuhamba. Ulawulo loxinzelelo lwe-VFD lusebenzisa ii-algorithms ze-PID; ukusebenza kwayo kumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwenkqubo. Ukuphunyezwa kungaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Sebenzisa i-PLC njengomlawuli (umgaqo oboniswe ngezantsi). Iingenelo: impendulo ekhawulezayo, isebenzisa ii-algorithms zolawulo zomenzi we-VFD, iphucula ukuthembeka komgaqo.
Iireyi zobushushu kwikhabhinethi ye-VFD zibonelela ngokhuseleko lombane ogqithisileyo/umthwalo omninzi. Ii-VFD zikwasebenza njengeziqalisi ezithambileyo, zikhusela iimpompo kakuhle.
D. Isicoci/Isihluzi somoya
Xa kucingwa ukuba inkqubo yokulinganisa yinkqubo evulekileyo, isixhobo sokuvavanya sinokuvelisa ukungcola kunye namaqamza ngexesha lokuchonga, okukhokelela kwiimpazamo zokulinganisa kunye nomonakalo onokubakho kwiimitha zokuhamba ezisemgangathweni neze-MUT. Kufakelwe i-air eliminator/filters ezinobukhulu obufanelekileyo kwindawo yokuphuma yesitya esizinzisayo ukuze kwahlulwe kwaye kususwe igesi kunye nokungcola kwipayipi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesakhiwo.
Yila ngokufanelekileyo iinkcukacha, ubungakanani, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ulwakhiwo lweqokobhe lesilinda elinevalvu yomoya ephezulu, ivalvu yokukhupha amanzi esezantsi, ikhatriji yesihluzo sangaphakathi, indawo yokuqokelela umoya, ipleyiti yokufunxa, isikrini sesihluzo esineembobo. Izinto ezidibana nomgangatho: intsimbi engagqwali engama-304; ezinye iindawo: intsimbi yekhabhoni epeyintiweyo.
2.4.2Inkqubo eMigangatho yeMetrological
Inkqubo yemetrological yesikhungo isebenzisa:
* Izikali ze-elektroniki ezichanekileyo kakhulu njengesalathiso seNdlela yeGravimetric.
* Iindlela zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni njengesalathiso seNdlela yokuVula.
* Iimitha zokuhamba ezisemgangathweni njengesalathiso seNdlela yeMitha eyiNtloko.
Ngokuyintloko yenziwe ngeevalvu ezivalayo, iivalvu ezilawula ukuhamba kwamanzi, i-diverter, isikhongozeli sokulinganisa, isikali se-elektroniki esichanekileyo (okanye umlinganiselo wesinyithi oqhelekileyo), iipayipi zenkqubo, njl.
A. Inkqubo yoKulinganisa iGravimetric (Izikali ze-elektroniki)
Le nkqubo ivumela ukulinganiswa kwe-MUTs kwiindawo eziphezulu nezincinci zokuhamba kwamanzi. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa (izikali) zinokukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwisantya sokuhamba kwamanzi.
Umzekelo: Iinkqubo ezine zokulinganisa ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokulinganisa:
* Iqela 1: Isikali se-12000kg, isikhongozeli sobunzima se-12000L, i-DN300 diverter, umgca woxinzelelo lwasemva.
* Iqela lesi-2: isikali se-3000kg, isikhongozeli sobunzima se-3000L, i-DN100 diverter, umgca woxinzelelo lwasemva.
* Iqela lesi-3: isikali esingama-600kg, isikhongozeli sobunzima esingama-600L, i-DN50 diverter, umgca woxinzelelo lwasemva.
* Iqela lesi-4: isikali se-120kg, isikhongozeli sobunzima se-120L, i-DN25 diverter, umgca woxinzelelo lwasemva.
Iqonga lesikali liqulathe umzimba kunye nesakhelo sokulinganisa ubunzima, kunye nokhuseleko lokugqithisa kwenzwa, ujongano oluqhelekileyo lonxibelelwano (umz., i-RS232/RS485), olunokuqhagamshelwa kwinkqubo yokubonisa okanye yokulawula yendawo, kunye nomsebenzi we-tare ozenzekelayo.
B. Isitya sokuLinganisa
Izikhongozeli zokulinganisa zibamba indawo yokuvavanya ngexesha lokulinganisa iGravimetric. Ulwakhiwo: isikhongozeli sentsimbi engagqwali esingqukuva esihambelana nobukhulu beqonga lesikali. Ubukhulu bodonga buhlangabezana neemfuno zobunzima kunye namandla, okuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuguquka xa kusetyenziswa ixesha elide.
Umzekelo: Izikhongozeli ezine: 12000L, 3000L, 600L, 120L. Ixesha lokukhupha amanzi kuzo zonke izikhongozeli liyi ≤40s.
Ixhotyiswe ngesensa yenqanaba, ivalvu yokukhupha amanzi, umbhobho wokukhupha amanzi, njl.njl., enemisebenzi efana nokubeka esweni umgangatho wolwelo, i-alamu egqithisileyo, ukuzaliswa okuchasene nokutshiza, kunye nokukhupha amanzi ngokukhawuleza. Uyilo luqwalasela indawo kunye namandla: intsimbi engatyiwayo engqukuva, igridi yesikhokelo sokuhamba kwamanzi ephezulu, umbhobho/ivalvu yokukhupha amanzi ezantsi; iziqinisi zokuhamba kwamanzi ezingaphakathi ezimile okwe-cross-shaped flow stabilizers ezidityanisiweyo ngokulinganayo ukususa amaqamza kunye nokujikajika okubangelwa kukuguquguquka kokuhamba kwamanzi, okubonelela ngokususwa komoya kunye nokuzinzisa ukuhamba kwamanzi. Izinto: intsimbi engatyiwayo engama-304.
C. Inkqubo yokulinganisa iVolumetric (Iindlela zokuSebenza eziQhelekileyo)
Yilwe, yenziwe, kwaye ikhethwe ngokungqongqo ngokwe-JJG259-2005 "Ummiselo Wokuqinisekisa weMilinganiselo yeSinyithi eMigangatho" ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka, uzinzo, kunye nokuthembeka kokulinganiswa kwemitha yokuhamba kwamanzi. Ihambelana namanqaku okuhamba kwe-MUT aphezulu, aphantsi, kunye naphakathi. Izikhululo zokulinganisa ezahlukeneyo (imilinganiselo) zinokukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwisantya sokuhamba kwamanzi.
Umzekelo: Iindlela ezintathu zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni:
* GBJ-10000L (uhlobo lokuphakama olunye), uluhlu lokuhamba kwamanzi (300~1150) m³/h.
* GBJ-3000L (uhlobo oludibeneyo: 1000L+2000L), uluhlu lokuhamba kwamanzi (70~300) m³/h.
* GBJ-700L (uhlobo oludibeneyo: 200L+500L), uluhlu lokuhamba kwamanzi (0.9~70) m³/h.
Umlinganiselo uquka intamo yokulinganisa, ityhubhu elinganayo, isikali sentamo yokulinganisa, ikhowuni ephezulu, umzimba osilinda, ikhowuni esezantsi, ivalvu yokukhupha amanzi, isitendi, kunye nezinto zokulinganisa. Izinto ezidibana nolwelo: intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304.
Iivalvu zokukhupha amanzi zisebenza ngomoya, zisebenza ngokuguquguquka, zitywina kakuhle, kwaye zisebenza kakuhle.
D. Umtshintshi
I-diverter yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwizixhobo zokuhamba kolwelo. Itshintsha ngokukhawuleza indlela ukuhamba kolwelo, ifake ngokuchanekileyo ulwelo oluhamba nge-MUT lungene kwisikhongozeli sokulinganisa ngaphandle kokudlula ngexesha elifunekayo. Yinto ebalulekileyo kuvavanyo lokungaqiniseki lwezixhobo.
Isixhobo sethu sokuhambisa umoya esiziphuhlisileyo sisebenzisa isakhiwo esivulekileyo, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesakhiwo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kutshiza okanye ukuphambuka komoya ngexesha lokusebenza. Impembelelo yokuguquguquka koxinzelelo ekuhambeni ngexesha lokuphambuka komoya xa uhamba ngamandla lixabiso elimiselweyo.
I-Diverter idityaniswe nezikhululo zesikali (okanye zokulinganisa). Ububanzi kunye nobungakanani be-Diverter zenzelwe ngokufanelekileyo. Isenzo kukuhamba okulula, okune-axial ethe tyaba, ukumelana okuphantsi, isenzo esikhawulezayo, umahluko omncinci wexesha lokuphambuka, ukuhlangabezana nemigaqo yokuqinisekisa efanelekileyo.
Iiparameter zobugcisa: Ixesha lokuphambuka kwe-single-stroke ≤200ms, umahluko wexesha lokuhamba lokuphambuka ≤20ms, ukungaqiniseki 0.02%, uxinzelelo lomthombo womoya (0.4~0.6)MPa, izinto ezidibana nentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304.
E. IiMetha zoMsinga eziQhelekileyo (iiMetha eziPhambili)
Iimitha zokuhamba ze-electromagnetic zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengeemitha eziphambili, udidi lokuchaneka ≤0.2, ukuphindaphindwa ≤0.06%. Ezi mitha zikwasebenza njengezalathisi eziqhelekileyo zokujonga ukuhamba kwangoko ngexesha lokulinganisa iGravimetric. Ngokujonga ukuhamba kwangoko kwemitha ephambili, i-VFD frequency kunye nokuvulwa kwevalvu elawulayo kuyalungiswa ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhamba kwangoko okufunekayo kwipayipi. Isantya sokuhamba esiqhelekileyo siqhele ukuba (0.5~5) m/s, sihlangabezana neemfuno zokuhamba kwesakhiwo esiphezulu/min. Iimitha eziphambili zinokulandelelwa kwi-intanethi ngendlela yeGravimetric, ukuqinisekisa ukulandelelwa ngokuchanekileyo nangokuthembekileyo ngelixa kususwa umsebenzi onzima wokuqhaqha/ukuhlanganisa kwakhona ukuqinisekisa imitha.
2.4.3Inkqubo yeMibhobho yoVavanyo loLungiso
Ibandakanya izikhululo zovavanyo lokulinganisa, i-manifold, ii-flow meter eziqhelekileyo, ii-process piping, njl.njl., ezixhotyiswe ngee-pressure transmitters, ii-temperature transmitters, ii-pneumatic ball valves, ii-electric flow regulating valves, izixhobo ze-pneumatic meter clamping, ii-pipeline drain valves, ii-pipeline vent valves, ii-pipeline purging mechanisms, i-MUT workbench, ii-pipe supports, kunye nezinye izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo.
A. Izikhululo zoVavanyo loLungiso
Ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zesiza somsebenzisi, izikhululo ezininzi zovavanyo lokulinganisa ezizinzileyo ziyilwe ngokufanelekileyo, zicwangciswe ecaleni. Ububanzi bezikhululo eziqhelekileyo: DN25, DN50, DN80, DN100, DN150, DN200, DN300, DN400, DN500, DN600. Ezinye iisayizi zinokulinganiswa ngokutshintsha imibhobho.
B. Amacandelo eepayipi ezithe tye
Amacandelo epayipi ethe tye yokulinganisa ayilwe njenge-20D phezulu kunye ne-5D ezantsi kwe-MUT. Amacandelo angasentla/ezantsi aneendawo zokuchukumisa uxinzelelo/ubushushu ezihlangabezana neemfuno zomthetho ezifanelekileyo, zivaliwe ngokuthembekileyo, nto leyo enceda ukulinganiswa kwe-MUT.
Izinto eziphathekayo: Umbhobho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304. Ububanzi bangaphandle kunye nokuphambuka kobukhulu bodonga kuhambelana nemigangatho yesizwe.
C. IiSpools
Esi sakhiwo sixhotyiswe ngee-spools zobukhulu obahlukeneyo bokulinganisa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zobukhulu be-MUT. Ubukhulu be-spool benziwe ngokweemfuno zomsebenzisi. Izinto: 304 intsimbi engagqwaliyo.
D. Isixhobo sokuBamba iMitha (Ijoyinti yoKwandisa)
Isixhobo sokubopha sisixhobo esibalulekileyo esincedisayo. Esi sixhobo sisebenzisa izixhobo zokubopha zangaphandle ze-drive-double-cylinder eziqhutywa ngomoya ezinomsebenzi wokulawula ngesandla. Esi sakhiwo soyisa ingxaki yokuvuza komoya/amanzi ngaphakathi okungabonakaliyo kwimizimba ye-cylinder. Ubude be-stroke buvumela izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza. Ububanzi kunye nobungakanani benzelwe ngokufanelekileyo ngesikhululo ngasinye sokubamba i-MUT.
Uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo: 1.6MPa, ukubetha okuqhelekileyo ≥200mm, uxinzelelo lomoya (0.4~0.6)MPa, izinto ezidibana nentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304.
E. Abathumeli
a. I-Pressure Transmitter: Udidi lokuchaneka 0.075, MPE ±0.075%FS, Uluhlu (0~1.0)MPa, Isiphumo (4~20)mA, Amandla DC24V. Ngokwesiqhelo iiyunithi ezi-3 zifakelwa kwii-manifolds, okanye ezichazwe ngumsebenzisi ngombhobho ngamnye.
b. Isidlulisi sobushushu: Udidi lokuchaneka 0.2, i-MPE ±0.2°C, Uluhlu (0~50)°C, Isiphumo (4~20)mA, Amandla DC24V. Ngokwesiqhelo iiyunithi ezi-3 zifakelwa kwii-manifolds, okanye ezichazwe ngumsebenzisi ngombhobho ngamnye.
Iivalvu ze-F
a. Iivalvu zokuvala umoya
Iivalvu zokuvala iipayipi zisebenzisa iivalvu zebhola ezipheleleyo zohlobo lwe-O eziphuma kwi-pneumatic kunye neevalvu zebhabhathane eziphuma kwi-pneumatic. Zisebenza ngomoya ocinezelweyo ukuze kuvulwe/kuvalwe ngokukhawuleza iipayipi. Ivalvu yebhola ixinzeleleko eliyi-1.6MPa; Ivalvu yebhabhathane ixinzeleleko eliyi-1.0MPa. Ngokweemfuno zokulinganisa, ivalvu enye yebhola ephuma kwi-pneumatic isetwe phezulu kwemitha yokuhamba esemgangathweni, phezulu kwe-diverter, kunye phezulu/ezantsi kwe-MUT kwisikhululo ngasinye sovavanyo. Ivalvu enye yebhabhathane ephuma kwi-pneumatic isetwe kwi-drain yesikhongozeli ngasinye sokulinganisa. Izinto eziphambili zevalvu: intsimbi engagqwali engama-304 okanye intsimbi engagqwali epheleleyo.
b. Ivalvu yeBhola eLawula ukuHamba koMbane
Ijonga ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwemitha eyi-master ukuze ilungise i-VFD frequency kunye nokuvulwa kwevalvu, ifezekisa izinga lokuhamba elifunekayo. Isebenzisa iivalvu zebhola ezilawula i-V-port zombane, ukuchaneka kwe-1%, uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-1.6MPa. Ifakwe enye ngezantsi kombhobho ngamnye wemitha eyi-master. Izinto eziphambili zevalvu: intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304 okanye intsimbi engagqwaliyo epheleleyo.
c. Iivalvu ezenziwe ngesandla kunye neevalvu zokujonga
Iivalvu zesango ezenziwe ngesandla zifakelwe phezulu kwesango ngalinye lokufunxa ipompo ukuze zibekwe zodwa ngexesha lokulungiswa. Jonga iivalvu ezifakelwe ngezantsi kwesango ngalinye lokukhupha ipompo ukukhusela iipompo kwihamile yamanzi ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo. Izinto eziphambili zevalvu yesango: 304 okanye intsimbi engagqwaliyo epheleleyo. Jonga izinto zevalvu: intsimbi engagqwaliyo epheleleyo 304.
d. Iivalvu ezenziwe ngesandla
Iivalvu zokukhupha amanzi, iivalvu zomoya, kunye neevalvu zokulawula indlela yokucoca zibekwe kumbhobho ngamnye wenkqubo. Ulawulo lwezandla. Izinto: Intsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-304.
e. Inqwelo yoVavanyo loLungiso
Inqwelo yokuphakamisa eshukumayo yokuthutha, ukuzinzisa, ukuxhasa, kunye nokufakela ii-MUT. Iinkcukacha kunye nobungakanani bumiselwe ngokweemfuno zomsebenzisi. I-stand inendlela yokubeka phakathi eqinisekisa ukuqina kombhobho kunye nokususwa kwe-MUT ngokulula. Indawo yokufaka yenzelwe ukuthwala iimitha ezahlukeneyo zobukhulu obukhethekileyo.
f. Iinkxaso zeMibhobho
Iinkxaso zemibhobho ezifanayo zibonelelwe kuzo zonke iipayipi zenkqubo. Iinkxaso ezizinikeleyo zibonelelwe kwi-diverter nganye. Izinto: intsimbi yekhabhoni epeyintiweyo.
2.4.4Inkqubo yoMthombo woMoya oMandla
Ibonelela ngomoya ocinezelweyo kwiinxalenye zomoya ezikwiziko, ihlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa eziqhelekileyo. Iinxalenye zomoya zisebenzisa iimpawu zodidi oluphezulu ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo.
A. Isiguquli somoya
Isixhobo somoya esifana nepiston sikhethwe ngokweemfuno zokwenyani. Iingenelo: ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukusebenza/ukugcinwa lula, ibhalansi elungileyo eguquguqukayo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuqinileyo, esifanelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.
B. Itanki yoMmkeli woMoya
Umthamo oyilwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu oluqhelekileyo olusekelwe kwinani lezixhobo zomoya kunye noxinzelelo lwazo olusebenzayo. Izinto: Intsimbi yekhabhoni epeyintiweyo. Ixhotyiswe ngegeyiji yoxinzelelo, ivalvu yokhuseleko egcweleyo enentwasahlobo, ivalvu yomoya, ivalvu yokukhupha amanzi, imibhobho, kunye nezixhobo.
Uyilo kunye nokuveliswa kuhambelana ne-GB150-2011 "Iinqanawa zoxinzelelo lwentsimbi" kunye "neMimiselo yoLawulo loKhuseleko lweZinqanawa zoxinzelelo". Amaxwebhu apheleleyo okhuseleko anikiwe.
2.4.5Iinxalenye ezisemgangathweni
Iindawo eziqhelekileyo (iingqiniba, izinciphisi, iiflange, izibophelelo, iigasket, njl.njl.) zinoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo oluyi-≥1.0MPa. Izinto: intsimbi engatyiwayo.
2.4.6Amacandelo eepayipi
Amacandelo emibhobho asebenzisa imibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo (304), uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo ≥1.0MPa. Imibhobho ihambelana nemigangatho yesizwe efanelekileyo. Ubude obusebenzayo, ubungakanani, kunye nefom yokufakela icwangcisiwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kuyilo lwesakhiwo sokwenyani.
2.5 Inkqubo Yomsebenzi Wokulinganisa
2.5.1Vula ikhabhinethi yamandla, ikhabhinethi yokuqalisa ye-VFD, i-air compressor, ikhabhinethi yokulawula, ikhompyutha yemizi-mveliso (i-IPC), njl.njl., ngokulandelelana. Qinisekisa ukuqalisa kwezixhobo kunye nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo.
2.5.2Okokuqala, khetha ububanzi bombhobho wokulinganisa obuhambelana nobubanzi be-MUT (linganisa iimitha zobubanzi ezahlukeneyo ngokutshintsha imibhobho). Beka i-MUT kwitreyi yebhentshi yokusebenzela okanye kwi-V-stand yesikhululo sovavanyo lokulinganisa. Lungisa indlela yokuphakamisa i-hydraulic yebhentshi yokusebenzela ukuze ilungelelanise ukuphakama okuphakathi kunye nokuqina kwe-MUT kunye nombhobho ongaphezulu kunye nesixhobo sokwandisa i-pneumatic (clamping) esisezantsi. Emva koko vala indlela yokusebenza ye-hydraulic.
2.5.3Emva kokufaka i-MUT, vula isixhobo sokucinezela umoya usebenzisa ivalvu yaso ekhokelayo ngesandla ukuze ubambe i-MUT nge-axial. Okokugqibela, qinisa uqhagamshelo lwe-MUT flanges kwiiflanges zepayipi usebenzisa iibholithi ezifanayo, uqinisekise ukuba akukho kuvuza. Oku kugqiba ukufakwa kwe-MUT. Buyisela umva inkqubo yokususa (Qaphela: Ngaphambi kokususa, vula ivalvu yokukhupha umbhobho ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo kwaye ukhuphe amanzi; susa i-MUT kuphela emva kokuba i-medium ikhutshiwe).
2.5.4Qalisa ipompo ehambelana noluhlu lokuhamba (ilawulwa yi-VFD; lungisa imvamisa/isantya sepompo ngexesha lokujikeleza ukuze uzise ukuhamba kombhobho ngaphakathi koluhlu olunokubonwa). Vula kancinci iivalvu zepayipi ezikhethiweyo. Lawula ukuhamba ngevalvu elawulayo de kubekho ukuhamba okuzinzileyo kwindawo yokuvavanya. Kweli nqanaba, i-diverter, ivalvu yokukhupha amanzi kwisikhongozeli sokulinganisa, kunye neevalvu zomgca wokubuyisela zikwindawo yokukhupha amanzi. Kwangaxeshanye, jonga ukuba izixhobo zisebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo na. Ukuba aziqhelekanga, lungisa ingxaki kwaye ulungise ngokweencwadana zezixhobo ezifanelekileyo.
2.5.5Ngaphambi kokulinganisa ngokusesikweni, jonga nokuba zonke izixhobo zobushushu/uxinzelelo kunye nezikali ziyasebenza na. Indlela: Ngaphambi kokuba izixhobo zisebenze, jonga ukuba ukufundwa kwezixhobo zobushushu kufanele kuhambelane okanye kuvale; ukufundwa kwezixhobo zoxinzelelo kufanele kuhambelane okanye kuvale; izikali kufuneka zibekwe umgama kwaye zibekwe u-zero.
2.5.6Seta iiparameter zokulinganisa kwi-interface yesoftware (jonga incwadi yesikhokelo yesoftware yenkqubo). Sebenzisa i-diverter ukuze utshintshe indlela yokuhamba ukuya kwindawo yovavanyo. Ulwelo lungena kwisikhongozeli sokulinganisa. Emva kokufikelela kwixesha lokulinganisa elimiselweyo, i-diverter itshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo. Emva kokuba ulwelo luzinzile kwisikhongozeli, qokelela idatha yesikali (yokulinganisa okuqhelekileyo). Ikhompyutha irekhoda idatha ngokuzenzekelayo, emva koko ivule ivalvu yokukhupha amanzi ukuze ikhuphe isikhongozeli.
2.5.7Emva kokukhupha amanzi nokuvuza ubuncinci imizuzwana engama-30, ivalvu yokukhupha amanzi ivala ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye i-diverter itshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo, iqalise ukubaleka kwesibini kwelo nqanaba lovavanyo. Phinda umsebenzi ude ugqibe inani elifunekayo lokubaleka kwelo nqanaba. Qhubeka inyathelo ngenyathelo ukuze ugqibezele onke amanqaku okuhamba kwamanzi.
2.5.8Emva kokulinganisa, cima iimpompo, iivalvu ezifanelekileyo, ikhabhinethi yokuqalisa ye-VFD, icompressor yomoya, ikhabhinethi yamandla, ikhabhinethi yokulawula, kunye ne-IPC ngokulandelelana.
2.5.9Itshati Yokuhamba Komsebenzi
2.6 Inkqubo yokulinganisa nokulawula ikhompyutha
2.6.1Imisebenzi yeNkqubo
Inkqubo yokulinganisa nokulawula isebenzisa ikhompyutha njengeyunithi yolawulo ephakathi yokucubungula idatha. Idibanisa i-hardware kunye nesoftware, ifumana kwaye icwangcise idatha yokulinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo (ubushushu, ii-pressure transmitters, i-flow meter flow flow standard, i-MUT flow, izikali); ilawula ngokuzenzekelayo iipompo, ii-shut-off valves, ii-regulating valves, ii-VFDs, kunye nezixhobo zenkqubo yokulinganisa (i-diverter, i-drain valve); ilawula uxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye nokuhamba; itshintsha iinkqubo; kwaye ibonise, igcine, kwaye iprinte iziphumo zokulinganisa, igqibezela inkqubo yokuqinisekisa i-metrological.
2.6.2Ukwakhiwa kweHardware yeNkqubo
2.6.2.1 I-Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) kunye neePeripherals
I-PLC isebenza njengomlawuli osezantsi. Imisebenzi ibandakanya:
* Ukuphathwa kwesignali yenkqubo, ukufunyanwa, ukuguqulwa kube ngamaxabiso eparameter ye-IPC (<1ms ixesha lokuvavanya).
* Ulawulo lwenkqubo oluzenzekelayo, ulawulo lokulinganisa oluzenzekelayo.
* Unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi.
Isebenzisa uthotho lwe-Siemens PLC, iimodyuli ze-I/O, iimodyuli zekhawuntara. Ifakwe kwikhabhinethi yokulawula ezinikeleyo ehambelana ne-IEC60439, GB4942, GB50062-92. Ixhotyiswe ngeeswitshi zokutshixa kunye nezibonisi ze-alamu.
Ikhabhinethi ikwagcina izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo (iiswitshi, iifusi, iirelayini, iicontactors) ezisebenzisa iimpawu zomgangatho wasekhaya.
2.6.2.2Isibali-xesha seSalathiso soLungiselelo
Yenzelwe ngaphakathi, ibonisa ixesha/ukubala kwi-interface ephambili yekhompyutha. Umlinganiselo wokuphindaphinda wandise ukungaqiniseki *U*=3×10⁻⁶ (*k*=2); isisombululo esincinci ≤0.001s. I-interface yokulinganisa igcinwe kunye neziphumo ezimbini zokulinganisa ixesha kwi-intanethi kusetyenziswa i-frequency eqhelekileyo.
Iinkcukacha zobugcisa:
| Hayi. | Into | Ipharamitha | Phawula |
| 1 | Uzinzo lweCrystal Oscillator 8h | ≤1×10⁻⁶ |
|
| 2 | Ukungaqiniseki Okuphindaphindekayo | U=3×10⁻⁶ (*k*=2) |
|
| 3 | Isisombululo esincinci sexesha | 0.001s |
|
2.6.2.3I-Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) kunye neNkqubo yoLawulo
Isebenzisa iinkqubo ze-VFD ukulawula isantya sepompo ukuze kulawulwe ukuhamba kwamanzi. Ii-VFD zizinto eziphambili, ezifakwe kwiikhabhathi zokuqala ze-VFD kusetyenziswa uhlobo lwe-GGD enclosure, ezihambelana ne-IEC60439, GB4942, GB50062-92.
Inkqubo ye-VFD inemisebenzi yokumisa kwindawo/engxamisekileyo. Ukuqalisa/ukumisa okuqhelekileyo kungaba kulawulo olukude lwekhompyutha okanye ngesandla (lwendawo).
2.6.2.4Iyunithi yoLawulo oluPhakathi
I-Advantech brand Industrial PC (IPC). Uqwalaselo oluphambili:
| Hayi. | Uqwalaselo lweZixhobo zeHardware | Ipharamitha | Phawula |
| 1 | Ibhodi yomama | I-Advantech |
|
| 2 | ICPU | I5 |
|
| 3 | Inkumbulo | 8G |
|
| 4 | Ihadi diski | 1TB + 120G SSD |
|
| 5 | Umphathi wesikrini | Umbala we-LCD oyi-24" |
|
I-IPC yeyona nto iphambili. Isebenzisa "iSoftware yoKulinganisa nokuLawula uMsinga", ifumana idatha yasentsimini evela kwi-PLC, ilawula iziphumo zenkqubo, ikhokela iinkqubo zokulinganisa, iphatha iziganeko, iinkqubo/ibala idatha yokulinganisa, iveza/igcina iirekhodi/iingxelo, kwaye ivumela ukubuza/ukugcina idatha yembali.
Isikrini se-IPC, imawusi, kunye nekhibhodi zisebenza njenge-interface yomntu nomatshini (HMI).
2.6.2.5Isixhobo sokuphuma
Iprinta enye ye-laser ye-A4.
2.6.3Inkqubo yeSoftware
Iqulathe "iSoftware yoKulinganisa nokuLawula ukuHamba koMbane", "iSoftware yoKucwangcisa iDatha yoLungiso", "iNkqubo yoLungiso lweDatha yoNxibelelwano" esebenza kwi-IPC; kunye "neNkqubo yoLawulo lwe-PLC" esebenza kwi-PLC.
2.6.3.1Itshathi yoMsebenzi weSoftware
2.6.3.2Izikrini eziphambili zokusebenza kweSoftware
2.6.3.3Imisebenzi yeSoftware esisiseko
Umboniso weNkqubo kunye nokuSebenza: Umzobo weskimu yenkqubo eguqukayo ubonisa imeko yokuhamba kovavanyo. Ubonisa iimeko zeparameter zobunjineli ngexesha langempela. Imisebenzi ihambelana nemigangatho yesizwe, imigaqo, kunye neenkqubo; ulawulo oluchanekileyo noluthembekileyo.
Umboniso weSimo: Ibonisa iiparameter zentsimi yokuhamba kwepayipi (ubushushu, uxinzelelo, isantya, ukuhamba, njl.njl.) kunye nesimo sezixhobo kwimbonakalo yesicwangciso.
Ukunika ingxelo kunye noLawulo lweDatha yeMbalit: Ivelisa iingxelo zeshifti, zemihla ngemihla, zenyanga, nezonyaka zeparameters eziphambili kunye nesimo sezixhobo. Iingxelo zinokuprintwa ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ziprintwe ngesandla.
Ulawulo lweMiyalezo: Ibonisa ulwazi lwempazamo ngokutshintsha imibala, ii-pop-up, iitafile. Iseta ii-alamu zomda weeparameter kunye nee-alamu zempazamo zezixhobo.
Ulawulo lwabasebenzisi/lokhuseleko: Ibonelela ngamanqanaba okufikelela amaninzi aneembaluleka ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Amanqanaba egama lokugqitha afunekayo ekusetweni kokuqala/kokumisa isixhobo sentsimi kunye neparameter ukuthintela ukusebenza kakubi.
Ulawulo lweNkqubo: Useka/ugcina ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Ulawula abasebenzisi, ubhala imbali yokungena/yokusebenza ukuze abuze imibuzo kunye nokhuseleko.
Gcina & Yenza Ikopi: Ukwazi ukugcina nokugcina idatha yovavanyo kunye neefayile ezinxulumene noko.
A. Imisebenzi yoLawulo
* Ulawulo oluzenzekelayo lwenkqubo yokulinganisa.
* Ukuqala/ukumisa ipompo kunye nolawulo lwamaza.
* Ulawulo lweValve.
* Ulawulo lokutshintsha i-Diverter.
* Ukhuseleko lomlinganiselo wesikhongozeli.
* Ulawulo lokuhamba: lulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ukuvulwa kwevalvu ngokusekelwe kukuhamba kwendawo yovavanyo.
B. Imisebenzi yokuFumana iDatha
* Imiqondiso ye-analog efunyenwe ngeemodyuli ezichanekileyo kakhulu ze-16-bit.
* Imiqondiso yokulawula ephathwa ziimodyuli zeprosesa zeBoolean ezikhawulezayo (i-CPU ezimeleyo, umjikelo <1us) zokufumana idatha ehambelanayo.
* Ubushushu, umlinganiselo wedatha yoxinzelelo.
* Umlinganiselo wedatha yokuhamba kwemitha yokuhamba eqhelekileyo.
* Ukulinganiswa kwedatha yokuhamba kwe-MUT (4-20mA, i-pulse, njl.njl.).
* Ukulinganiswa kwedatha yokulinganisa isikali.
* Impendulo yesignali yesikhundla sevalvu.
C. Imisebenzi yokuCwangcisa iDatha
* Uqhuba idatha yokulinganisa aze ahlole iziphumo ngokwemigangatho yesizwe, imigaqo.
* Ivumela ukuseta ngokwezigaba ii-coefficients zemitha yokuhamba esemgangathweni ezikhawulezileyo.
* Useto oluguquguqukayo lwamanqaku ovavanyo, inani lokubaleka, amaxesha okubaleka (ngokuzenzekelayo ngokwemigangatho okanye ngokwendlela echazwe ngumsebenzisi).
* Igcina iirekhodi zovavanyo kwisiseko sedatha ukuze zibuze, ziprinte, zilungise, zicime njengoko kufuneka.
* Yenza iingxelo zedatha ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ilawule idatha.
D. Imisebenzi yoBoniso
Umboniso wenkqubo yemizobo yokujonga izixhobo ngexesha langempela. Ilinganisa imeko yevalvu yasentsimini, ilawula ukuvulwa kwevalvu, imeko yesignali ye-MUT, imeko yokuhamba, ubushushu, ulwalathiso lwe-diver, imeko yevalvu yokukhupha amanzi, imvamisa ye-VFD, njl.njl.
E. Imisebenzi Yokusebenza
I-interface elula ukuyisebenzisa kunye nokusebenza kwemizobo. Lawula ii-actuators zentsimi ngokucofa imawusi, zilula kwaye zilula.
F. Umsebenzi weWizard
I-Wizard interface ikhokela abasebenzisi kuyo yonke inkqubo yokulinganisa. Misela iiparameter ezifunekayo/ulwazi lwe-MUT ngokwemiyalelo nganye. Imisebenzi elula igqibezela ukulinganisa emva kokuseta. Ulawulo olulula nolukhawulezayo; kulula ukulifunda.
2.6.3.4Ukuphunyezwa Okuthile Kwemisebenzi Ephambili
A. Ukuphatha i-MUT
Inkqubo inokubonelela ngombane we-MUT. Imiqondiso ye-MUT ifundwa ziimodyuli ze-PLC ezibala ngokuzenzekelayo ukuhamba okuqokelelweyo. Ukuguqulwa kobunzima/umthamo, ukulungiswa kokuthamba kokufunda isikali, ukulungiswa kobushushu/uxinzelelo, ukucutshungulwa kwedatha okufunekayo, kunye neengxelo ziphathwa ngokuzenzekelayo yisoftware ye-IPC.
Njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi, ujongano lwesoftware lufuna ukufakwa ngesandla kweeparameter ze-MUT (umz., uhlobo lwesignali ngemenyu ehlayo: i-analog current, i-pulse, akukho output). Emva kokukhetha, inkqubo ithumela ngokuzenzekelayo isignali kwitshaneli echanekileyo.
B. Ulawulo lweeMitha oluPhambili
Amandla emitha eyi-Master anikezelwa yinkqubo. Idatha efunyenwe ngokufunda i-pulse. Isoftware ichonga umbhobho wokulinganisa ukuze ikhethe imitha eyi-master efanelekileyo. Ngexesha lokulinganisa, i-PLC iqokelela ngokuzenzekelayo ii-pulse ezipheleleyo ukuqinisekisa impazamo yokufumana ≤ ±1 pulse. Iimitha eziyi-Master zinokuzilinganisa ngokwazo kwi-intanethi kusetyenziswa isikali se-elektroniki.
C. Ubushushu kunye nokuFumaneka koXinzelelo
Zonke ii-temp/transmitters zisebenza ngenkqubo. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kuyadingeka ukuze kulungiswe. Isebenzisa iimodyuli ze-16-bit A/D ezichanekileyo kakhulu, isantya, ukucoca ngedijithali, kunye nokuhlawula.
D. Ulawulo lweValve yokuvala kunye neDiverter
Amandla nawo anikezelwa yinkqubo. Ingalawulwa ngokucofa iigrafikhi/amaqhosha esikrini okanye ngokuzenzekelayo ngokwenkqubo nganye. I-Diverter itshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha lokulinganisa; iirekhodi zesibali-xesha ezizinikeleyo zokutshintsha ixesha kunye nexesha lokuhamba.
E. Ukulawula uLawulo lweeValve
Umsinga wolawulo obonelelwa yi-D/A module. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kulawulo lweendawo zokuhamba. Ngoxinzelelo oluzinzileyo oluphezulu, ukuvulwa kwevalvu kuxhomekeke ngqo ekuhambeni; ukuyilawula kufezekisa ukuhamba kovavanyo okufunekayo.
F. Ukufunyanwa kwedatha yesikali
Amandla e-AC220V anikezelwa yinkqubo. Idatha efunyenwe ngonxibelelwano lwe-RS485. Isoftware ingazikhethela ngokuzenzekelayo uluhlu lwesikali olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwixesha lokuhamba/lokulinganisa, okanye umqhubi angazikhethela ngesandla nge-interface.
Itemplate yovavanyo lwe-G. Diverter
Ilungiselela ukulinganiswa kwexesha lokujika ngaphakathi kwesi sikrini, ivelisa ngokuzenzekelayo idatha ehambelana nemigaqo. Idatha ingathunyelwa ngaphandle kwaye igcinwe kwisiseko sedatha.
Ithempleyithi yovavanyo lozinzo lwe-H.
Ilungiselela ukulinganiswa kozinzo lokuhamba kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwesi sikrini, ivelisa ngokuzenzekelayo idatha ehambelanayo. Idatha ingathunyelwa ngaphandle kwaye igcinwe.
2.6.3.5Isoftware yoPhuhliso lweNkqubo yoLawulo
Isoftware yokulawula ekumgangatho ophezulu (IPC) yenziwe kusetyenziswa isoftware yokumisela. Inkqubo yokulawula ekumgangatho ophantsi (PLC) idityaniswe kwisoftware yokumisela. Ibonelela nge-HMI, i-graphical animation yesimo senkqubo, ulawulo oluqondakalayo. Ibonisa ukuhambelana okuhle kwehardware kunye nemisebenzi enamandla. Iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kwaye inobuhlobo.
Inkqubo yokucubungula idatha yokulinganisa yenziwe kusetyenziswa ikhowudi yokulawula ye-Microsoft Office Excel VBA. Isiseko sedatha seMicrosoft SQL Server sigcina idatha yokulinganisa. Inkqubo yengxelo esekwe kwi-Excel ivelisa iingxelo ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ilawule idatha.
Ukuboniswa kwedatha ngexesha langempela, ukucutshungulwa ngokuzenzekelayo, ukugcina iziphumo kunye nedatha eluhlaza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngesandla ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka. Igcina iirekhodi kwisiseko sedatha ukuze zibuze, ziprinte, zitshintshe, zicime.
Inkqubo yenkonzo yonxibelelwano lwedatha yenziwe kusetyenziswa i-VB 6.0 SP6 yokunxibelelana ngezikali nezinye izixhobo.
Ukuphuculwa nokugcinwa kweSoftware: Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ilungele ukusetyenziswa. Ibonelela ngohlaziyo oluhlala ixesha elide ukuze ivumelane notshintsho kwimigangatho/imigaqo okanye iimfuno zomsebenzisi.
2.7 Iinkqubo Zokulungisa
2.7.1Ukugcinwa kwePhompu yeZihluthulelo
2.7.1.1Landela ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza kwepompo xa uqala, uqhuba, umisa. Gcina iirekhodi zokusebenza.
2.7.1.2Jonga i-lubricant kwiindawo zokuthambisa ngokutshintsha ngakunye ngokuthelekisa nemimiselo. Yisebenzise ngokungqongqo.
2.7.1.3Jonga ubushushu bebheri: ≤ ubushushu obuqhelekileyo + 35°C; ubushushu obuphezulu bebheri yerola ≤75°C; ubushushu obuphezulu bebheri yesleeve ≤70°C. Jonga ukunyuka kobushushu bemoto ngeshifti nganye.
2.7.1.4Jonga rhoqo ukuvuza kwetywina lomgodi: Itywina lokupakisha ~ amaconsi ali-10/ngomzuzu; Itywina loomatshini: akukho kuvuza.
2.7.1.5Jonga uxinzelelo lwepompo, umsinga wemoto (oqhelekileyo/ozinzileyo) ngexesha lokusebenza. Mamela ingxolo/ukungahambi kakuhle. Sombulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza.
2.7.2Ukugcinwa kweNkqubo yoLawulo
2.7.2.1Coca uthuli rhoqo kwikhabhathi yokulawula KUPHELA emva kokuba umbane ucinyiwe.
2.7.2.2MUSA ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha yesixhobo kwi-intanethi okanye kwiinkqubo ezingadibaniyo. Sebenzisa ii-virus scan rhoqo kwaye uhlaziye isoftware ye-antivirus.
2.7.2.3Ukuba ufaka kwakhona i-OS, lungisa idatha kuqala ukuze uthintele ilahleko.
2.7.2.4Qinisekisa ukuba umbane uzinzile kwaye iingcingo zicacile kwinkqubo yolawulo.
2.7.3Ukugcinwa kwesixhobo sokuBamba ngePneumatic
2.7.3.1Emva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide, thambisa ityhubhu yokwandisa ngeoyile yenjini.
2.7.3.2Xa usebenza kumbhobho omnye, VALA iivalvu zokuhambisa umoya kweminye imibhobho ukuze uthintele ukuba ezinye iikliphu zingathwali umthwalo, nto leyo echaphazela ubomi bombhobho.
2.7.3.3Ngaphambi komsebenzi, jonga imigca yomoya ukuba ayivalwanga okanye ayivuzi. Khupha amanzi aqokelelweyo rhoqo kwimigca.
2.7.4Ukugcinwa kweTanki yamanzi
Coca itanki rhoqo, tshintsha amanzi ukuze uthintele iimpompo ezonakalisa inkunkuma. Yenza unyango lwangaphakathi lokulwa nokugqwala/umhlwa minyaka le okanye ngokusekelwe kumgangatho wamanzi.
2.7.5Ukugcinwa kwe-Air Eliminator/Filter
Kubalulekile ekususeni igesi kunye nokucoca. Coca rhoqo into yesihluzo sangaphakathi: Susa iibholithi zokudibanisa eziphezulu, vula iflange ephezulu, susa isihluzo, coca inkunkuma kwiscreen, tshintsha, hlanganisa iflange kwakhona.
2.7.6Ukugcinwa kweGumbi loLawulo kunye neGumbi leMpompo
2.7.6.1Qinisekisa ukuba ubushushu begumbi/umswakama ziyahlangabezana neemfuno. Gcina zomile kwaye zicocekile.
2.7.6.2Thintela ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi kwigumbi lokumpompa. Coca rhoqo.
2.7.6.3HLALA UCIMA umbane oyintloko ngaphambi kokuba ucoce, ucoce, okanye uhlole ukuze uphephe ukutshayiswa ngumbane nokwenzakala.
Qaphela: Gcina izixhobo ezincedisayo ezizimeleyo ngokweencwadana zabo.
2.8 Iinkqubo Zokusebenza Zokhuseleko
2.8.1Ukuphucula ulwazi ngokhuseleko. Ukwanda kolwazi kunciphisa iingozi. Ukuqinisa ulwazi, ukuchonga iingozi, ukwazi nokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokhuseleko zezona ndlela zokuphelisa iingozi.
2.8.2Musa ukuphula imithetho. Ukwaphulwa komthetho kuqala kwiingozi; iingozi zibangelwa kukwaphulwa komthetho. Ukukhawulezisa izinto ukuze kube lula, isantya, okanye umgudu kunokukhokelela kwintlekele. Ukwaphulwa komthetho kufuneka kupheliswe.
2.8.3Finyelela ngokwenene "Izinto Ezintathu Ezingenakukwenzakalisa": Musa ukuzenzakalisa; Musa ukwenzakalisa abanye; Musa ukwenzakalisa abanye. Oku kubalulekile kulawulo lokhuseleko.
2.8.4Thobela yonke imithetho yendawo. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iingozi zokhuseleko zichongiwe ngabantu abanoxanduva.
2.8.5Abaqhubi KUFUNEKA baqeqeshwe ngaphambi kokuba basebenze. Kufuneka bafunde baze baqonde imigaqo yokuqinisekisa kazwelonke, iinkcukacha zokulinganisa, kunye neencwadi zesikhokelo NGAPHAMBI kokuba baqinisekiswe ukuba basebenza.
2.8.6Isixhobo sokulinganisa amanzi sicocekile. Buyisela amanzi ngokuxhomekeke ekungcoleni ukuze uthintele umonakalo wepompo kunye nemitha eqhelekileyo ebangela iingozi.
2.8.7Inqanawa yokuzinzisa sisikhephe soxinzelelo. MUSA ukubetha okanye ukutshintsha. Gcina abasebenzi KUDE ngexesha lokusebenza.
2.8.8Xa ufaka/ususa i-MUT, yibeke ngendlela ezinzileyo. UNGAZE ufake iminwe kwizihlanganisi okanye uzive ukuba kukho imingxunya yezikrufu. Bamba izikhewu emacaleni xa ubeka/ususa.
2.8.9Emva kokufakwa/ukuqaliswa, MUSA ukuyiqhekeza ngasese ukuze ungonakalisi izinto.
2.8.10SUKUYITSHINTSHA i-host yekhompyutha ngokungacwangciswanga. UNGAZE uyisebenzise kwi-intanethi okanye kwiinkqubo ezingadibaniyo. Skena rhoqo ii-virus kwaye uhlaziye i-antivirus.
2.8.11UNGAZE uvale/ukhuphe nayiphi na i-terminal yoqhagamshelo okanye iplagi ngobushushu.
2.8.12MUSA ukucima iifayile zogcino lwenkqubo yokusebenza.
2.8.13Xa usebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo, jonga rhoqo iinkqubo zokukhupha umoya kunye neevalvu zokhuseleko ukuthintela ukuba ii-vents ezivaliweyo zibangele uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwiitanki/imigca.
2.8.14Imilomo yomoya ijonge kwiindawo ezingenabantu, emhlabeni, okanye esibhakabhakeni. UNGAZE ukhombe izixhobo, abasebenzi, iindlela, okanye iingcango.
2.8.15HLALA UCIMA umbane oyintloko ngaphambi kokuba ucoce, ucoce, okanye uhlole. Ithintela ukukhululeka kwezixhobo, ukubetheka kombane, kunye nokwenzakala.
2.8.16Ngaphambi kokuba bahambe yonke imihla, abaqhubi KUFUNEKA bajonge ukuba iingcango/iifestile kunye nombane zivaliwe, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwendawo.
2.9 Ukusebenza nokugcinwa kweKhabhinethi yeFrequency Converter
2.9.1Ukusetyenziswa: Qala ujonge ikhabhinethi ukuba akukho zandi/amavumba angaqhelekanga. Ukuba kulungile, vula iswitshi yesekethe yokulawula ephambili (Vula). Isibane seqhosha eliluhlaza (Vula) kwikhabhinethi siyakhanya, i-fan iyaqala, isibane seqhosha elibomvu siyakhanya. Ngoku i-pump start/stop ingalawulwa ngekhompyutha. I-Voltmeter ibonisa ~380V, i-ammeter ibonisa i-operating current.
2.9.2Ukuqalisa ngePompo: Kufuneka kuqalwe kwimo ye-VFD. Sebenzisa ujongano lwekhompyutha ukuze ulungise imveliso ye-VFD ukuze utshintshe isantya semoto.
2.9.3UNGAZE ubeke ngokuthe ngqo i-VFD frequency ukuya kwi-high ngexesha lokusebenza. Umsinga wokungena uphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo enokonakalisa izixhobo.
2.9.4Cima: Qala umise zonke iimoto ngekhompyutha. EKUPHELENI ucinezele iqhosha elibomvu (CIMA) kwikhabhinethi ude ucime zonke ezibomvu. Ekugqibeleni, cima isitshixo sombane esiphambili.
2.9.5Iqhosha lokukhetha ngesandla/elizenzekelayo kunye namaqela eqhosha lokuqalisa/lokumisa ngesandla le-VFD/line frequency kwikhabhinethi AZICETYISWA xa kujongwa umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo. Zenzelwe ukugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye nokulungisa iipompo KUPHELA.
Ukuba ukulungisa iimpazamo kufuna ukutshintsha useto lwe-VFD (isethwe kwimowudi yolawulo lwephaneli), jonga incwadi yemiyalelo ye-VFD.
2.9.6Iikhabhathi zamandla kunye neemoto zepompo MAKUFUNEKA zihlolwe rhoqo ziingcali. Landela iinkqubo zokujonga rhoqo izinto zombane. Buyisela iindawo ezonakeleyo ngokukhawuleza. Qinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo. Abaqhubi MAKUFUNEKA balandele iinkqubo. Qinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu!
2Incwadi Yokulungisa Izixhobo .10
Le ncwadana ichaza imijikelo yokugcinwa kwesakhiwo, umxholo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki. Isebenza njengesalathiso kubaqhubi kunye nabasebenzi bokugcinwa. Imithombo iquka:
(1) Izixhobo ezihamba neencwadi zesikhokelo;
(2) Imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yokulinganisa ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye neenkcukacha;
(3) Iincwadi zesalathiso sokulungisa oomatshini kunye neteknoloji yenkqubo.
2.10.1Umjikelo Wokugcinwa
Ingalungiswa ngokusekwe ekujongeni imeko kunye nemeko yezixhobo.
Itheyibhile yoMjikelo woLondolozo:
| Into yoLondolozo | Uhlobo Lolondolozo | Ukulungiswa Okuncinci | Ukulungiswa Okukhulu |
| Impompo yeCentrifugal | Umjikelo | Iinyanga ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-12 | Iinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-24 |
| Isiguquli somoya | Umjikelo | ||
| Izixhobo zeNkqubo | Umjikelo | ||
| Inkqubo yoLawulo | Umjikelo |
2.10.2Umxholo woLondolozo noLungiso
2.10.2.1Impompo yeCentrifugal
A. Ukusombulula iingxaki kunye nokulungisa
| Ingxaki | Unobangela onokwenzeka | Unyango |
| Impompo ayiqali | Uqhagamshelo luphazamisekile | Jonga iingcingo, zilungise ukuba kuyimfuneko |
| Ifusi ivuthelwe | Buyisela ifusi | |
| Ukhuseleko lwemoto luyakhubeka | Jonga useto lokhuseleko, lungisa ukuba aluchanekanga | |
| Ukhuseleko lwemoto alutshintshi, impazamo yokulawula | Jonga ulawulo lokukhusela imoto, lungisa ukuba ayilunganga | |
| Injini ayiqalisi/iqala nzima | I-voltage/frequency iphantsi kakhulu kwiimfuno | Phucula umbane, jonga i-cross-section yekhebula |
| Icala lokujikeleza elingalunganga | Impazamo yoqhagamshelo lwemoto | Tshintsha izigaba ezibini |
| Ukulahleka kwesantya okukhulu phantsi komthwalo | Ukulayisha kakhulu | Linganisa amandla, sebenzisa injini enkulu okanye wehlise umthwalo ukuba kuyimfuneko |
| Ukwehla kwevolthi | Yandisa icandelo elinqumlayo lentambo | |
| I-motor hums, i-current ephezulu | Isiphene sokujika | Thumela injini ukuze ilungiswe ngobuchule |
| Ukuhlikihla iRotor | ||
| Ifusi ivuthuza ngoko nangoko / I-Prot trips | Intambo emfutshane | Isekethe emfutshane echanekileyo |
| Isekethe emfutshane yemoto | Thumela injini ukuze ilungiswe ngobuchule | |
| Impazamo yocingo | Isekethe echanekileyo | |
| Impazamo yomhlaba wemoto | Thumela injini ukuze ilungiswe ngobuchule | |
| Injini ishushu kakhulu (ilinganisiwe) | Ukulayisha kakhulu | Linganisa amandla, sebenzisa injini enkulu okanye wehlise umthwalo ukuba kuyimfuneko |
| Ukupholisa kakubi | Phucula ukuhamba komoya opholileyo, coca ii-vents, yongeza ifeni enyanzelekileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko | |
| Ubushushu obuphezulu bemozulu | Hlala ngaphakathi koluhlu oluvumelekileyo | |
| Uqhagamshelo olukhululekileyo (ukulahleka kwesigaba) | Unxibelelwano olungalunganga oluchanekileyo | |
| Ifusi ivuthelwe | Fumana/lungisa unobangela (jonga ngasentla), tshintsha i-fuse |
B. Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: Kuyafana neCandelo2.7.1
2.10.2.3Izixhobo zeNkqubo (iiClamps, iiDiverter, iiValve)
A. Ukusombulula iingxaki kunye nokulungisa
| Ingxaki | Unobangela onokwenzeka | Unyango | |
| Cinezela i-clamp nzima ukuqala | Uxinzelelo lomoya oluphantsi | Jonga ukuvuza, lungisa isilawuli/i-lubricator | |
| Amandla okubamba awonelanga | |||
| Indawo yokumisa ayizinzanga | Ivalvu esetyenziswa ngesandla ayisebenzi ngokupheleleyo | ||
| Ukuthambisa ityhubhu okungasebenzi kakuhle | Yongeza ioyile nge-cylinder air inlet | ||
| Isilinda yonakele | Jonga kwaye ufake enye endaweni yayo | ||
| Isantya se-clamp sikhawuleza kakhulu/sicotha | Uxinzelelo lomoya oluphantsi | Lungisa ivalvu ye-inlet throttle | |
| Uxinzelelo lomoya oluphezulu | Lungisa ivalvu ye-inlet throttle | ||
| Isilinda yonakele | Jonga kwaye ufake enye endaweni yayo | ||
| Ukujika kunzima ukuqala | Uxinzelelo lomoya oluphantsi | Jonga ukuvuza, lungisa isilawuli/i-lubricator | |
| Isantya sokutshintsha esicothayo | |||
| Indawo yokutshintsha ayifikelelwanga | Jonga ivalvu yesolenoid, uyilungise | ||
| Ukuthambisa umbhobho wokungena okungekho semgangathweni | Yongeza ioyile nge-cylinder air inlet | ||
| Isilinda yonakele | Jonga kwaye ufake enye endaweni yayo | ||
| Ixesha lokujika liyahluka ngaphandle kwengcaciso | Ukutshintsha ngasekhohlo/ngasekunene akuhambelani | Lungisa iiports ze-solenoid valve outlet | |
| Isikhuselo sefotoelectric asibekwanga ngasekunene | Jonga kwaye ulungise indawo yekhaka | ||
| Ivalvu kunzima ukuyiqala | Uxinzelelo lomoya oluphantsi | Jonga ukuvuza, lungisa isilawuli/i-lubricator | |
| Isantya sokutshintsha esicothayo | |||
| Umoya ovuzayo wesilinda ye-Actuator | Buyisela izitywino | |
| Ivalvu yeSolenoid ayisebenzi | Ukujonga kunye nokulungisa |
B. Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo: NgokweCandelo ngalinye2.7.3 kunye2.8.13.
2.10.2.4Inkqubo yoLawulo
A. Ukusombulula iingxaki kunye nokulungisa
| Ingxaki | Unobangela onokwenzeka | Unyango |
| Impazamo yeKhompyutha | Ikhompyutha ayisebenzi | Ukujonga kunye nokulungisa |
| Intambo ivuliwe okanye unxibelelwano olubi | Jonga kwaye utshintshe intambo | |
| Isiphelo sendlela sivuliwe okanye unxibelelwano olubi | Buyisela isiphelo sendlela | |
| Isoftware yenkqubo yonakele | Faka kwakhona inkqubo emva kokusazisa | |
| Akukho datha yezixhobo | Uqhagamshelo lwekhabhathi yoLawulo lweZixhobo luvuliwe/lubi | Jonga iingcingo kunye neefusi Buyisela isiphelo sendlela okanye ifuse Buyisela i-transmitter |
| Akukho Bonisa iTemp/uXinzelelo | Ikhabhathi yoLawulo lwe-Tx-Temp/Pressure ivuliwe/ingasebenzi kakuhle | |
| Impazamo yamandla esignali | Imodyuli yamandla okanye intambo inesiphene | Tshintsha imodyuli okanye intambo |
| Ikhabhathi yoLawulo Akukho mpendulo | Isango lekhabhathi yokulawula okanye intambo yonakele | Tshintsha i-terminal yekhebhini okanye intambo |
- Ukugcinwa kweNkqubo yoLawulo:
- Soloko ususa uthuli rhoqo kwikhabhathi yokulawula ngokuthe ngqo xa umbane ucinyiwe.
- Musa ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha yesi sixhobo ukufikelela kwi-intanethi okanye ukufaka naziphi na iinkqubo ezingahambelani nomsebenzi; yenza iskena seentsholongwane ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye ugcine isoftware ye-antivirus ihlaziyiwe.
- Ukuba ufaka kwakhona inkqubo, qinisekisa ukuba kukho idatha egciniweyo ukuze uthintele ukulahleka kwedatha yokuqinisekisa.
- Qinisekisa ukuba umbane uzinzile kwaye iisekethe ezingaphazanyiswayo zenkqubo yolawulo.
- Jonga rhoqo iingcingo zesignali kwiphaneli ye-I/O yekhabhinethi yokulawula. Qinisa naluphi na uqhagamshelo olukhululekileyo nge-screwdriver enentloko ethe tyaba.
- Qinisekisa rhoqo ukuba iiswitshi/amaqhosha kwiphaneli yokulawula ajikeleza ngokwesiqhelo. Ukuba kukho ukutyibilika, jonga izikrufu zokulungisa ezikhululekileyo uze uziqinise; zitshintshe ukuba zonakele.
- Susa umbane ongashukumiyo kwi-earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) inyanga nenyanga.
2.10.2.5Uvavanyo Lokuqhuba Nokwamkelwa
A. Ukulungiselela Ngaphambi Kovavanyo: Qinisekisa ukugqitywa kokulungiswa, umgangatho, iirekhodi; indawo icocekile; izixhobo/ulawulo/ii-interlocks zilungisiwe; inkqubo yeoyile izaliswe; inkqubo yomoya ingenisiwe/ikhutshiwe; inkqubo yombane ilungisiwe/inikwe amandla; izixhobo zilungile.
B. Uvavanyo Lokusebenza: Uvavanyo olungenamthwalo; qinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zeoyile/zamanzi/zomoya/zombane/zezixhobo ziqhelekile; zisebenza iiyure ezingama-72 ngaphandle kweengxaki ngaphambi kokuba zamkelwe; ukwamkelwa kusayinwe ngabasebenzi abafanelekileyo.